See wulfaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*wulf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wulf\nOld English: wulf\nMiddle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff\nOld Frisian: wolf\nSaterland Frisian: Wulf\nWest Frisian: wolf\nOld Saxon: wulf\nMiddle Low German: wulf\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Wulf\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: Wulf\nSuerländer-Märkisch: Wulf\nWestmünsterländisch: Wulf\nPlautdietsch: Wulf\nOld Dutch: *wulf\nMiddle Dutch: wolf\nDutch: wolf\nAfrikaans: wolf\nJersey Dutch: wâlf\nNegerhollands: wuluwuluk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)\nLimburgish: wólf\nOld High German: wolf\nMiddle High German: wolf\nAlemannic German: wolf (Italian Walser)\nBavarian: Woif, Wolf\nCimbrian: bolf\nMòcheno: bolf\nUdinese: bolf, bölf\nGerman: Wolf\nHunsrik: Wollef\nLuxembourgish: Wollef\nPennsylvania German: Wolf\nVilamovian: wūf\nYiddish: וואָלף (volf)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wulf\nOld English: wulf\nMiddle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff\nOld Frisian: wolf\nSaterland Frisian: Wulf\nWest Frisian: wolf\nOld Saxon: wulf\nMiddle Low German: wulf\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Wulf\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: Wulf\nSuerländer-Märkisch: Wulf\nWestmünsterländisch: Wulf\nPlautdietsch: Wulf\nOld Dutch: *wulf\nMiddle Dutch: wolf\nDutch: wolf\nAfrikaans: wolf\nJersey Dutch: wâlf\nNegerhollands: wuluwuluk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)\nLimburgish: wólf\nOld High German: wolf\nMiddle High German: wolf\nAlemannic German: wolf (Italian Walser)\nBavarian: Woif, Wolf\nCimbrian: bolf\nMòcheno: bolf\nUdinese: bolf, bölf\nGerman: Wolf\nHunsrik: Wollef\nLuxembourgish: Wollef\nPennsylvania German: Wolf\nVilamovian: wūf\nYiddish: וואָלף (volf)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚹᚢᛚᚠᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚢᛚᚠᚨᛉ (*wulfaʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚢᛚᚠᚨᛉ (*wulfaʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ulfr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: ulfr, úlfr\nIcelandic: úlfur\nFaroese: úlvur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ulv; (dialectal) úv'e, olv, ålv\nNorwegian Bokmål: ulv\nElfdalian: ulv\nOld Swedish: ulver\nSwedish: ulv\nOld Danish: ulv\nDanish: ulv\nGutnish: ulv, ålv",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: ulfr, úlfr\nIcelandic: úlfur\nFaroese: úlvur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ulv; (dialectal) úv'e, olv, ålv\nNorwegian Bokmål: ulv\nElfdalian: ulv\nOld Swedish: ulver\nSwedish: ulv\nOld Danish: ulv\nDanish: ulv\nGutnish: ulv, ålv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃 (wulfs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃 (wulfs)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos",
"t": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *wúlpos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). Changes: *wúlkʷos > *wúlpos > *wulfaz (analogically: *pénkʷe > *pémpe > *fimf). If *wúlkʷos didn't change to *wúlpos, it would look like **wulhwaz in Proto-Germanic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wulfaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Wulfagaizaz"
},
{
"word": "Wulfagangaz"
},
{
"word": "Wulfarīks"
},
{
"word": "Audawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Aþalawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Gunþiwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Hariwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Harjawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Haþuwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Heruwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Hrōþiwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Landawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Nanþawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Rēdawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Uzdawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Wiljawulfaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"id": "en-wulfaz-gem-pro-noun-92thuWLb",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "wulgī"
},
{
"word": "wulbī"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwul.ɸɑz/"
}
],
"word": "wulfaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Wulfagaizaz"
},
{
"word": "Wulfagangaz"
},
{
"word": "Wulfarīks"
},
{
"word": "Audawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Aþalawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Gunþiwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Hariwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Harjawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Haþuwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Heruwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Hrōþiwulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Landawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Nanþawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Rēdawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Uzdawulfaz"
},
{
"word": "Wiljawulfaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*wulf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wulf\nOld English: wulf\nMiddle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff\nOld Frisian: wolf\nSaterland Frisian: Wulf\nWest Frisian: wolf\nOld Saxon: wulf\nMiddle Low German: wulf\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Wulf\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: Wulf\nSuerländer-Märkisch: Wulf\nWestmünsterländisch: Wulf\nPlautdietsch: Wulf\nOld Dutch: *wulf\nMiddle Dutch: wolf\nDutch: wolf\nAfrikaans: wolf\nJersey Dutch: wâlf\nNegerhollands: wuluwuluk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)\nLimburgish: wólf\nOld High German: wolf\nMiddle High German: wolf\nAlemannic German: wolf (Italian Walser)\nBavarian: Woif, Wolf\nCimbrian: bolf\nMòcheno: bolf\nUdinese: bolf, bölf\nGerman: Wolf\nHunsrik: Wollef\nLuxembourgish: Wollef\nPennsylvania German: Wolf\nVilamovian: wūf\nYiddish: וואָלף (volf)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wulf\nOld English: wulf\nMiddle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff\nOld Frisian: wolf\nSaterland Frisian: Wulf\nWest Frisian: wolf\nOld Saxon: wulf\nMiddle Low German: wulf\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Wulf\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: Wulf\nSuerländer-Märkisch: Wulf\nWestmünsterländisch: Wulf\nPlautdietsch: Wulf\nOld Dutch: *wulf\nMiddle Dutch: wolf\nDutch: wolf\nAfrikaans: wolf\nJersey Dutch: wâlf\nNegerhollands: wuluwuluk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)\nLimburgish: wólf\nOld High German: wolf\nMiddle High German: wolf\nAlemannic German: wolf (Italian Walser)\nBavarian: Woif, Wolf\nCimbrian: bolf\nMòcheno: bolf\nUdinese: bolf, bölf\nGerman: Wolf\nHunsrik: Wollef\nLuxembourgish: Wollef\nPennsylvania German: Wolf\nVilamovian: wūf\nYiddish: וואָלף (volf)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚹᚢᛚᚠᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚢᛚᚠᚨᛉ (*wulfaʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚢᛚᚠᚨᛉ (*wulfaʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ulfr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: ulfr, úlfr\nIcelandic: úlfur\nFaroese: úlvur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ulv; (dialectal) úv'e, olv, ålv\nNorwegian Bokmål: ulv\nElfdalian: ulv\nOld Swedish: ulver\nSwedish: ulv\nOld Danish: ulv\nDanish: ulv\nGutnish: ulv, ålv",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: ulfr, úlfr\nIcelandic: úlfur\nFaroese: úlvur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ulv; (dialectal) úv'e, olv, ålv\nNorwegian Bokmål: ulv\nElfdalian: ulv\nOld Swedish: ulver\nSwedish: ulv\nOld Danish: ulv\nDanish: ulv\nGutnish: ulv, ålv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃 (wulfs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃 (wulfs)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos",
"t": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *wúlpos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). Changes: *wúlkʷos > *wúlpos > *wulfaz (analogically: *pénkʷe > *pémpe > *fimf). If *wúlkʷos didn't change to *wúlpos, it would look like **wulhwaz in Proto-Germanic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wulfaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "wulgī"
},
{
"word": "wulbī"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Canids"
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwul.ɸɑz/"
}
],
"word": "wulfaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wulfaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.