See wintruz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-wintruz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*wintru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wintru\nOld English: winter\nMiddle English: winter, wintere, wintre, wynter\nEnglish: winter\nScots: winter\nYola: wonter\nOld Frisian: winter\nSaterland Frisian: Winter\nWest Frisian: winter\nOld Saxon: wintar\nMiddle Low German: winter\nDutch Low Saxon: winter (Gronings)\nGerman Low German: Winter\nPlautdietsch: Winta\nOld Dutch: winter\nMiddle Dutch: winter\nDutch: winter\nAfrikaans: winter\nNegerhollands: winter\n→ Sranan Tongo: wenter\nLimburgish: wintjer\nOld High German: wintar\nMiddle High German: winter, winder\nAlemannic German: Winter\nItalian Walser: wénter, winter, wenter\nSwabian: Wender\nBavarian: Winta\nCimbrian: bintar\nMòcheno: binter\nUdinese: binter, bintar\nCentral Franconian: Wenter, Wengter (Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects), Wonter, Wönter (Eifel), Wonter, Wönter\nHunsrik: Winter\nLuxembourgish: Wanter\nGerman: Winter\nEast Central German:\nSilesian East Central German: Winter\nVilamovian: wynter\nYiddish: ווינטער (vinter)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wintru\nOld English: winter\nMiddle English: winter, wintere, wintre, wynter\nEnglish: winter\nScots: winter\nYola: wonter\nOld Frisian: winter\nSaterland Frisian: Winter\nWest Frisian: winter\nOld Saxon: wintar\nMiddle Low German: winter\nDutch Low Saxon: winter (Gronings)\nGerman Low German: Winter\nPlautdietsch: Winta\nOld Dutch: winter\nMiddle Dutch: winter\nDutch: winter\nAfrikaans: winter\nNegerhollands: winter\n→ Sranan Tongo: wenter\nLimburgish: wintjer\nOld High German: wintar\nMiddle High German: winter, winder\nAlemannic German: Winter\nItalian Walser: wénter, winter, wenter\nSwabian: Wender\nBavarian: Winta\nCimbrian: bintar\nMòcheno: binter\nUdinese: binter, bintar\nCentral Franconian: Wenter, Wengter (Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects), Wonter, Wönter (Eifel), Wonter, Wönter\nHunsrik: Winter\nLuxembourgish: Wanter\nGerman: Winter\nEast Central German:\nSilesian East Central German: Winter\nVilamovian: wynter\nYiddish: ווינטער (vinter)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚹᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛉ (*wintruʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛉ (*wintruʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non-own",
"2": "vetr",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old West Norse: vetr\nIcelandic: vetur\nFaroese: vetur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: vetter; (dialectal) vetr, vøtur\nElfdalian: witter\nOld Swedish: vitter, vætter ?\nGutnish: vittur ?",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old West Norse: vetr\nIcelandic: vetur\nFaroese: vetur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: vetter; (dialectal) vetr, vøtur\nElfdalian: witter\nOld Swedish: vitter, vætter ?\nGutnish: vittur ?"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non-oen",
"2": "vintr",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old East Norse: vintr\nNorwegian Nynorsk: (dialectal) ventr, ventre, vintæ, vintre\nOld Swedish: vinter\nSwedish: vinter\nOld Danish: wintær\nDanish: vinter\nNorwegian Bokmål: vinter\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: vinter\nOld Gutnish: wintr\nGutnish: vintar, vintur",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Norse: vintr\nNorwegian Nynorsk: (dialectal) ventr, ventre, vintæ, vintre\nOld Swedish: vinter\nSwedish: vinter\nOld Danish: wintær\nDanish: vinter\nNorwegian Bokmål: vinter\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: vinter\nOld Gutnish: wintr\nGutnish: vintar, vintur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 (wintrus)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 (wintrus)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*wódr̥",
"3": "",
"4": "water"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ (“water”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*watōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *watōr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*windos",
"3": "",
"4": "white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *windos (“white”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unda"
},
"expansion": "Latin unda",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Several possibilities have been proposed, although none are convincing:\n* Relation to Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ (“water”), whence also Proto-Germanic *watōr.\n* Relation to Proto-Celtic *windos (“white”).\nThe first theory involves an analysis of Latin unda continuing *u-n-deh₂ rather than *ud-neh₂, while there is little semantic evidence for the second theory.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wintruz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintriwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wintriwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintriwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintriwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wintruz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintriz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wintriz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintriz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wintr",
"g": "mf",
"nomsg": "wintruz",
"stem": "cons",
"vocsg": "wintru"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wintruz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "spring",
"word": "wazrą"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "summer",
"word": "sumaraz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "autumn",
"word": "harbistaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "winter",
"word": "wintruz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"id": "en-wintruz-gem-pro-noun-MMVGH8J7",
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*gōį̄"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"year (as a measure of time)"
],
"id": "en-wintruz-gem-pro-noun-~XMo7J3T",
"links": [
[
"year",
"year"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*aþna-"
},
{
"word": "*jērą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwin.truz/"
}
],
"word": "wintruz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Germanic u-stem nouns",
"gem-pro:Seasons"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-wintruz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*wintru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wintru\nOld English: winter\nMiddle English: winter, wintere, wintre, wynter\nEnglish: winter\nScots: winter\nYola: wonter\nOld Frisian: winter\nSaterland Frisian: Winter\nWest Frisian: winter\nOld Saxon: wintar\nMiddle Low German: winter\nDutch Low Saxon: winter (Gronings)\nGerman Low German: Winter\nPlautdietsch: Winta\nOld Dutch: winter\nMiddle Dutch: winter\nDutch: winter\nAfrikaans: winter\nNegerhollands: winter\n→ Sranan Tongo: wenter\nLimburgish: wintjer\nOld High German: wintar\nMiddle High German: winter, winder\nAlemannic German: Winter\nItalian Walser: wénter, winter, wenter\nSwabian: Wender\nBavarian: Winta\nCimbrian: bintar\nMòcheno: binter\nUdinese: binter, bintar\nCentral Franconian: Wenter, Wengter (Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects), Wonter, Wönter (Eifel), Wonter, Wönter\nHunsrik: Winter\nLuxembourgish: Wanter\nGerman: Winter\nEast Central German:\nSilesian East Central German: Winter\nVilamovian: wynter\nYiddish: ווינטער (vinter)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wintru\nOld English: winter\nMiddle English: winter, wintere, wintre, wynter\nEnglish: winter\nScots: winter\nYola: wonter\nOld Frisian: winter\nSaterland Frisian: Winter\nWest Frisian: winter\nOld Saxon: wintar\nMiddle Low German: winter\nDutch Low Saxon: winter (Gronings)\nGerman Low German: Winter\nPlautdietsch: Winta\nOld Dutch: winter\nMiddle Dutch: winter\nDutch: winter\nAfrikaans: winter\nNegerhollands: winter\n→ Sranan Tongo: wenter\nLimburgish: wintjer\nOld High German: wintar\nMiddle High German: winter, winder\nAlemannic German: Winter\nItalian Walser: wénter, winter, wenter\nSwabian: Wender\nBavarian: Winta\nCimbrian: bintar\nMòcheno: binter\nUdinese: binter, bintar\nCentral Franconian: Wenter, Wengter (Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects), Wonter, Wönter (Eifel), Wonter, Wönter\nHunsrik: Winter\nLuxembourgish: Wanter\nGerman: Winter\nEast Central German:\nSilesian East Central German: Winter\nVilamovian: wynter\nYiddish: ווינטער (vinter)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚹᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛉ (*wintruʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᛁᚾᛏᚱᚢᛉ (*wintruʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non-own",
"2": "vetr",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old West Norse: vetr\nIcelandic: vetur\nFaroese: vetur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: vetter; (dialectal) vetr, vøtur\nElfdalian: witter\nOld Swedish: vitter, vætter ?\nGutnish: vittur ?",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old West Norse: vetr\nIcelandic: vetur\nFaroese: vetur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: vetter; (dialectal) vetr, vøtur\nElfdalian: witter\nOld Swedish: vitter, vætter ?\nGutnish: vittur ?"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non-oen",
"2": "vintr",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old East Norse: vintr\nNorwegian Nynorsk: (dialectal) ventr, ventre, vintæ, vintre\nOld Swedish: vinter\nSwedish: vinter\nOld Danish: wintær\nDanish: vinter\nNorwegian Bokmål: vinter\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: vinter\nOld Gutnish: wintr\nGutnish: vintar, vintur",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Norse: vintr\nNorwegian Nynorsk: (dialectal) ventr, ventre, vintæ, vintre\nOld Swedish: vinter\nSwedish: vinter\nOld Danish: wintær\nDanish: vinter\nNorwegian Bokmål: vinter\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: vinter\nOld Gutnish: wintr\nGutnish: vintar, vintur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 (wintrus)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 (wintrus)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*wódr̥",
"3": "",
"4": "water"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ (“water”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*watōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *watōr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*windos",
"3": "",
"4": "white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *windos (“white”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unda"
},
"expansion": "Latin unda",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Several possibilities have been proposed, although none are convincing:\n* Relation to Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ (“water”), whence also Proto-Germanic *watōr.\n* Relation to Proto-Celtic *windos (“white”).\nThe first theory involves an analysis of Latin unda continuing *u-n-deh₂ rather than *ud-neh₂, while there is little semantic evidence for the second theory.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wintruz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintriwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wintriwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintriwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintriwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wintruz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintriz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wintriz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintriz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wintrumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wintr",
"g": "mf",
"nomsg": "wintruz",
"stem": "cons",
"vocsg": "wintru"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wintruz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "spring",
"word": "wazrą"
},
{
"english": "summer",
"word": "sumaraz"
},
{
"english": "autumn",
"word": "harbistaz"
},
{
"english": "winter",
"word": "wintruz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Seasons",
"gem-pro:Winter"
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*gōį̄"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Time"
],
"glosses": [
"year (as a measure of time)"
],
"links": [
[
"year",
"year"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*aþna-"
},
{
"word": "*jērą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwin.truz/"
}
],
"word": "wintruz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wintruz meaning in Proto-Germanic (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.