See turdą in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "turdawibilaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*tord"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *tord\nOld English: tord\nMiddle English: tord, toord, torde\nEnglish: turd\nScots: tuird\nOld Dutch: *tord, *tort\nMiddle Dutch: torde, torte, tort, toort\nDutch: tort\nOld High German: zort\nMiddle High German: *zort, zurch, zürch\nGerman: (dialectal) Zort, (archaic) Zürch",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *tord\nOld English: tord\nMiddle English: tord, toord, torde\nEnglish: turd\nScots: tuird\nOld Dutch: *tord, *tort\nMiddle Dutch: torde, torte, tort, toort\nDutch: tort\nOld High German: zort\nMiddle High German: *zort, zurch, zürch\nGerman: (dialectal) Zort, (archaic) Zürch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "torð-",
"pos": "in compounds",
"t": "dung-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: torð- (“dung-”, in compounds)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: torð- (“dung-”, in compounds)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*turtē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *turtē",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *turtē (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*der-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dr̥-to-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dr̥-to-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dìrst",
"t": "to poop, shit"
},
"expansion": "Latvian dìrst (“to poop, shit”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Orel, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥-to-s, a participle from *der- (“to split, tear”); cognate with Latvian dìrst (“to poop, shit”). Note that Kroonen prefers to reconstruct the Germanic as *turzdaz; see there for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "turdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "turdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "turdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turdas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turdis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turdǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turdai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turdamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turdamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/turdą",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "teraną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tardaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "turnaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"manure"
],
"id": "en-turdą-gem-pro-noun-WaJNnUEW",
"links": [
[
"manure",
"manure"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mud"
],
"id": "en-turdą-gem-pro-noun-rwf~kat8",
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.dɑ̃/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "adalaz"
}
],
"word": "turdą"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *der-"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "turdawibilaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*tord"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *tord\nOld English: tord\nMiddle English: tord, toord, torde\nEnglish: turd\nScots: tuird\nOld Dutch: *tord, *tort\nMiddle Dutch: torde, torte, tort, toort\nDutch: tort\nOld High German: zort\nMiddle High German: *zort, zurch, zürch\nGerman: (dialectal) Zort, (archaic) Zürch",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *tord\nOld English: tord\nMiddle English: tord, toord, torde\nEnglish: turd\nScots: tuird\nOld Dutch: *tord, *tort\nMiddle Dutch: torde, torte, tort, toort\nDutch: tort\nOld High German: zort\nMiddle High German: *zort, zurch, zürch\nGerman: (dialectal) Zort, (archaic) Zürch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "torð-",
"pos": "in compounds",
"t": "dung-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: torð- (“dung-”, in compounds)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: torð- (“dung-”, in compounds)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*turtē",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *turtē",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *turtē (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*der-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dr̥-to-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dr̥-to-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "dìrst",
"t": "to poop, shit"
},
"expansion": "Latvian dìrst (“to poop, shit”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Orel, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥-to-s, a participle from *der- (“to split, tear”); cognate with Latvian dìrst (“to poop, shit”). Note that Kroonen prefers to reconstruct the Germanic as *turzdaz; see there for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "turdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "turdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "turdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turdas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turdis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turdǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turdai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turdamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turdamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/turdą",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "teraną"
},
{
"word": "tardaz"
},
{
"word": "turnaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Feces"
],
"glosses": [
"manure"
],
"links": [
[
"manure",
"manure"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mud"
],
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.dɑ̃/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "adalaz"
}
],
"word": "turdą"
}
Download raw JSONL data for turdą meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.