"swēraz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See swēraz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈswɛː.rɑz/
Etymology: Vṛddhi gerundive of an otherwise unattested strong verb *sweraną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”). Cognate with Lithuanian sver̃ti (“to weigh, balance”), Latvian svars (“weight”). Etymology templates: {{vrd|gem-pro|ger=1}} Vṛddhi gerundive, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*swer-|t=heavy}} Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”), {{cog|lt|sver̃ti|t=to weigh, balance}} Lithuanian sver̃ti (“to weigh, balance”), {{cog|lv|svars|t=weight}} Latvian svars (“weight”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|swēr}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*swēraz|*swēranǭ|*swēras, -is|*swērammai|*swēranō|*swērai|*swēranz|*swēraizǫ̂|*swēraimaz|*swēraimiz|*swērō|*swērǭ|*swēraizōz|*swēraizōi|*swēraizō|*swērôz|*swērōz|*swēraizǫ̂|*swēraimaz|*swēraimiz|*swērą, -atō|*swērą, -atō|*swēras, -is|*swērammai|*swēranō|*swērō|*swērō|*swēraizǫ̂|*swēraimaz|*swēraimiz|*swērô|*swēranų|*swēriniz|*swērini|*swērinē|*swēraniz|*swēranunz|*swēranǫ̂|*swērammaz|*swērammiz|*swērǭ|*swērōnų|*swērōniz|*swērōni|*swērōnē|*swērōniz|*swērōnunz|*swērōnǫ̂|*swērōmaz|*swērōmiz|*swērô|*swērô|*swēriniz|*swērini|*swērinē|*swērōnō|*swērōnō|*swēranǫ̂|*swērammaz|*swērammiz|title=*swēraz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], swēraz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], swērai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], swērō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], swērôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], swērą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], swērō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], swēranǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], swēranz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], swērǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], swērōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], swērą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], swērō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], swēras [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], swēraizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], swēraizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], swēraizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], swēras [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], swēraizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], swērammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], swēraimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], swēraizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], swēraimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], swērammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], swēraimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], swēranō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], swēraimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], swēraizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], swēraimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], swēranō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], swēraimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], swērô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], swēraniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], swērǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], swērōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], swērô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], swērōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], swēranų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], swēranunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], swērōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], swērōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], swērô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], swērōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], swēriniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], swēranǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], swērōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], swērōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], swēriniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], swēranǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], swērini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], swērammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], swērōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], swērōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], swērini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], swērammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], swērinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], swērammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], swērōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], swērōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], swērinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], swērammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. heavy Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-swēraz-gem-pro-adj-ItWSXtZG
  2. grave, grievous, serious, important Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-swēraz-gem-pro-adj-aN7r73Ab Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Germanic vrddhi gerundives Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 0 100 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 100 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 4 96 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic vrddhi gerundives: 3 97
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: habīgaz, þunguz, swērijaz Derived forms: swērį̄, swēriþō, swērāną
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "swērį̄"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "swēriþō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "swērāną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*swār"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *swār\nOld English: swǣr\nMiddle English: swere, swær, swar, sware, swer, suere\nEnglish: sweer, swear, sweir, swere\nScots: sweir, sweer, swere\nOld Frisian: swēr, swēre\nNorth Frisian: swier\nSaterland Frisian: sweer\nWest Frisian: swier\nOld Saxon: swār, swāri\nMiddle Low German: swâr\nGerman Low German: swar, swaar, swor; swer\n→ Danish: svar\nOld Dutch: *swār\nMiddle Dutch: swâer\nDutch: zwaar\nAfrikaans: swaar\nBerbice Creole Dutch: swari\nNegerhollands: swaar, swar\nLimburgish: zwaor\nZealandic: zwaer\nOld High German: swār\nMiddle High German: swær, swǣre, swār, swēre, swēr\nAlemannic German:\nSwabian: schwär\nBavarian: schwar\nGerman: schwer\nLuxembourgish: schwéier\nVilamovian: świer\nYiddish: שווער (shver)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *swār\nOld English: swǣr\nMiddle English: swere, swær, swar, sware, swer, suere\nEnglish: sweer, swear, sweir, swere\nScots: sweir, sweer, swere\nOld Frisian: swēr, swēre\nNorth Frisian: swier\nSaterland Frisian: sweer\nWest Frisian: swier\nOld Saxon: swār, swāri\nMiddle Low German: swâr\nGerman Low German: swar, swaar, swor; swer\n→ Danish: svar\nOld Dutch: *swār\nMiddle Dutch: swâer\nDutch: zwaar\nAfrikaans: swaar\nBerbice Creole Dutch: swari\nNegerhollands: swaar, swar\nLimburgish: zwaor\nZealandic: zwaer\nOld High German: swār\nMiddle High German: swær, swǣre, swār, swēre, swēr\nAlemannic German:\nSwabian: schwär\nBavarian: schwar\nGerman: schwer\nLuxembourgish: schwéier\nVilamovian: świer\nYiddish: שווער (shver)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "svárr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: svárr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: svárr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "svár",
            "3": "sver"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: svár, sver",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: svár, sver (probably influenced by German schwer)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "svárur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: svárur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: svárur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "svar",
            "alt": "svār"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: svār",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: svār"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "svår"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: svår",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: svår"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "svær"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: svær",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: svær (probably influenced by German schwer)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "svær"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: svær",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: svær (probably influenced by German schwer)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐍃 (swērs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐍃 (swērs)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "ger": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Vṛddhi gerundive",
      "name": "vrd"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swer-",
        "t": "heavy"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "sver̃ti",
        "t": "to weigh, balance"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian sver̃ti (“to weigh, balance”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "svars",
        "t": "weight"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian svars (“weight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Vṛddhi gerundive of an otherwise unattested strong verb *sweraną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”). Cognate with Lithuanian sver̃ti (“to weigh, balance”), Latvian svars (“weight”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēriniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēriniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "swēr"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*swēraz",
        "10": "*swēraimiz",
        "11": "*swērō",
        "12": "*swērǭ",
        "13": "*swēraizōz",
        "14": "*swēraizōi",
        "15": "*swēraizō",
        "16": "*swērôz",
        "17": "*swērōz",
        "18": "*swēraizǫ̂",
        "19": "*swēraimaz",
        "2": "*swēranǭ",
        "20": "*swēraimiz",
        "21": "*swērą, -atō",
        "22": "*swērą, -atō",
        "23": "*swēras, -is",
        "24": "*swērammai",
        "25": "*swēranō",
        "26": "*swērō",
        "27": "*swērō",
        "28": "*swēraizǫ̂",
        "29": "*swēraimaz",
        "3": "*swēras, -is",
        "30": "*swēraimiz",
        "31": "*swērô",
        "32": "*swēranų",
        "33": "*swēriniz",
        "34": "*swērini",
        "35": "*swērinē",
        "36": "*swēraniz",
        "37": "*swēranunz",
        "38": "*swēranǫ̂",
        "39": "*swērammaz",
        "4": "*swērammai",
        "40": "*swērammiz",
        "41": "*swērǭ",
        "42": "*swērōnų",
        "43": "*swērōniz",
        "44": "*swērōni",
        "45": "*swērōnē",
        "46": "*swērōniz",
        "47": "*swērōnunz",
        "48": "*swērōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*swērōmaz",
        "5": "*swēranō",
        "50": "*swērōmiz",
        "51": "*swērô",
        "52": "*swērô",
        "53": "*swēriniz",
        "54": "*swērini",
        "55": "*swērinē",
        "56": "*swērōnō",
        "57": "*swērōnō",
        "58": "*swēranǫ̂",
        "59": "*swērammaz",
        "6": "*swērai",
        "60": "*swērammiz",
        "7": "*swēranz",
        "8": "*swēraizǫ̂",
        "9": "*swēraimaz",
        "title": "*swēraz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swēraz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "heavy"
      ],
      "id": "en-swēraz-gem-pro-adj-ItWSXtZG",
      "links": [
        [
          "heavy",
          "heavy"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 96",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 97",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic vrddhi gerundives",
          "parents": [
            "Vrddhi gerundives",
            "Vrddhi derivatives",
            "Terms by etymology"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "grave, grievous, serious, important"
      ],
      "id": "en-swēraz-gem-pro-adj-aN7r73Ab",
      "links": [
        [
          "grave",
          "grave"
        ],
        [
          "grievous",
          "grievous"
        ],
        [
          "serious",
          "serious"
        ],
        [
          "important",
          "important"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈswɛː.rɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "habīgaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "þunguz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "swērijaz"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "swēraz"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic vrddhi gerundives"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "swērį̄"
    },
    {
      "word": "swēriþō"
    },
    {
      "word": "swērāną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*swār"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *swār\nOld English: swǣr\nMiddle English: swere, swær, swar, sware, swer, suere\nEnglish: sweer, swear, sweir, swere\nScots: sweir, sweer, swere\nOld Frisian: swēr, swēre\nNorth Frisian: swier\nSaterland Frisian: sweer\nWest Frisian: swier\nOld Saxon: swār, swāri\nMiddle Low German: swâr\nGerman Low German: swar, swaar, swor; swer\n→ Danish: svar\nOld Dutch: *swār\nMiddle Dutch: swâer\nDutch: zwaar\nAfrikaans: swaar\nBerbice Creole Dutch: swari\nNegerhollands: swaar, swar\nLimburgish: zwaor\nZealandic: zwaer\nOld High German: swār\nMiddle High German: swær, swǣre, swār, swēre, swēr\nAlemannic German:\nSwabian: schwär\nBavarian: schwar\nGerman: schwer\nLuxembourgish: schwéier\nVilamovian: świer\nYiddish: שווער (shver)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *swār\nOld English: swǣr\nMiddle English: swere, swær, swar, sware, swer, suere\nEnglish: sweer, swear, sweir, swere\nScots: sweir, sweer, swere\nOld Frisian: swēr, swēre\nNorth Frisian: swier\nSaterland Frisian: sweer\nWest Frisian: swier\nOld Saxon: swār, swāri\nMiddle Low German: swâr\nGerman Low German: swar, swaar, swor; swer\n→ Danish: svar\nOld Dutch: *swār\nMiddle Dutch: swâer\nDutch: zwaar\nAfrikaans: swaar\nBerbice Creole Dutch: swari\nNegerhollands: swaar, swar\nLimburgish: zwaor\nZealandic: zwaer\nOld High German: swār\nMiddle High German: swær, swǣre, swār, swēre, swēr\nAlemannic German:\nSwabian: schwär\nBavarian: schwar\nGerman: schwer\nLuxembourgish: schwéier\nVilamovian: świer\nYiddish: שווער (shver)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "svárr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: svárr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: svárr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "svár",
            "3": "sver"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: svár, sver",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: svár, sver (probably influenced by German schwer)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "svárur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: svárur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: svárur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "svar",
            "alt": "svār"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: svār",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: svār"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "svår"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: svår",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: svår"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "svær"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: svær",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: svær (probably influenced by German schwer)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "svær"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: svær",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: svær (probably influenced by German schwer)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐍃 (swērs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐍃 (swērs)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "ger": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Vṛddhi gerundive",
      "name": "vrd"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swer-",
        "t": "heavy"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "sver̃ti",
        "t": "to weigh, balance"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian sver̃ti (“to weigh, balance”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "svars",
        "t": "weight"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian svars (“weight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Vṛddhi gerundive of an otherwise unattested strong verb *sweraną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”). Cognate with Lithuanian sver̃ti (“to weigh, balance”), Latvian svars (“weight”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēraniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēriniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēriniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swēranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swērammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "swēr"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*swēraz",
        "10": "*swēraimiz",
        "11": "*swērō",
        "12": "*swērǭ",
        "13": "*swēraizōz",
        "14": "*swēraizōi",
        "15": "*swēraizō",
        "16": "*swērôz",
        "17": "*swērōz",
        "18": "*swēraizǫ̂",
        "19": "*swēraimaz",
        "2": "*swēranǭ",
        "20": "*swēraimiz",
        "21": "*swērą, -atō",
        "22": "*swērą, -atō",
        "23": "*swēras, -is",
        "24": "*swērammai",
        "25": "*swēranō",
        "26": "*swērō",
        "27": "*swērō",
        "28": "*swēraizǫ̂",
        "29": "*swēraimaz",
        "3": "*swēras, -is",
        "30": "*swēraimiz",
        "31": "*swērô",
        "32": "*swēranų",
        "33": "*swēriniz",
        "34": "*swērini",
        "35": "*swērinē",
        "36": "*swēraniz",
        "37": "*swēranunz",
        "38": "*swēranǫ̂",
        "39": "*swērammaz",
        "4": "*swērammai",
        "40": "*swērammiz",
        "41": "*swērǭ",
        "42": "*swērōnų",
        "43": "*swērōniz",
        "44": "*swērōni",
        "45": "*swērōnē",
        "46": "*swērōniz",
        "47": "*swērōnunz",
        "48": "*swērōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*swērōmaz",
        "5": "*swēranō",
        "50": "*swērōmiz",
        "51": "*swērô",
        "52": "*swērô",
        "53": "*swēriniz",
        "54": "*swērini",
        "55": "*swērinē",
        "56": "*swērōnō",
        "57": "*swērōnō",
        "58": "*swēranǫ̂",
        "59": "*swērammaz",
        "6": "*swērai",
        "60": "*swērammiz",
        "7": "*swēranz",
        "8": "*swēraizǫ̂",
        "9": "*swēraimaz",
        "title": "*swēraz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swēraz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "heavy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "heavy",
          "heavy"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "grave, grievous, serious, important"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grave",
          "grave"
        ],
        [
          "grievous",
          "grievous"
        ],
        [
          "serious",
          "serious"
        ],
        [
          "important",
          "important"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈswɛː.rɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "habīgaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "þunguz"
    },
    {
      "word": "swērijaz"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "swēraz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for swēraz meaning in Proto-Germanic (12.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.