"sterbaną" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See sterbaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈster.βɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *(s)terp- (“to lose force; lose sensibility, become numb; be dead, be motionless”). Cognate with Latin torpēre. Or from Proto-Indo-European *sterbʰ- (“to be stiff, become stiff”), cognate with Ancient Greek στέρφνιος (stérphnios, “hard, firm, tight”). Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*(s)terp-||to lose force; lose sensibility, become numb; be dead, be motionless}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)terp- (“to lose force; lose sensibility, become numb; be dead, be motionless”), {{cog|la|torpēre}} Latin torpēre, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*sterbʰ-||to be stiff, become stiff}} Proto-Indo-European *sterbʰ- (“to be stiff, become stiff”), {{cog|grc|στέρφνιος||hard, firm, tight}} Ancient Greek στέρφνιος (stérphnios, “hard, firm, tight”) Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-st|sterb|starb|sturb|sturb|class=3|nopass=1}} Forms: strong [table-tags], sterbō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], sterbaų [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], sterbai [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], stirbizi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], sterbaiz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], sterb [active, imperative, second-person, singular], sterbazai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], sterbaizau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], stirbidi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], sterbai [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], sterbadau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], sterbadai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], sterbaidau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], sterbōz [active, dual, first-person, indicative], sterbaiw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], sterbadiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], sterbaidiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], sterbadiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], sterbamaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], sterbaim [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], sterbandai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], sterbaindau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], stirbid [active, indicative, plural, second-person], sterbaid [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], stirbid [active, imperative, plural, second-person], sterbandai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], sterbaindau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], sterbandi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], sterbain [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], sterbandau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], sterbandai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], sterbaindau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], starb [active, first-person, indicative, singular], sturbį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], starft [active, indicative, second-person, singular], sturbīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], starb [active, indicative, singular, third-person], sturbī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], sturbū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], sturbīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], sturbudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], sturbīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], sturbum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], sturbīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], sturbud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], sturbīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], sturbun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], sturbīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], sterbandz [active, participle, present], sturbanaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. to become stiff Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-sterbaną-gem-pro-verb-yXsBnClq Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 50 50 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 51 49 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 48 52
  2. to die, become lifeless Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *dawjaną
    Sense id: en-sterbaną-gem-pro-verb-~CXCwkQ- Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 50 50 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 51 49 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 48 52
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: starbijaną, starfą (english: labor) [Germanic, North], sterbô
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "starbijaną"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "labor",
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "North"
      ],
      "word": "starfą"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sterbô"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*sterban"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *sterban\nOld English: steorfan\nMiddle English: sterven, sterve\nEnglish: starve\nScots: sterve\nOld Frisian: sterva\nSaterland Frisian: stíerve\nWest Frisian: stjerre\nOld Saxon: stervan\nMiddle Low German: sterven, starven\nLow German: staarven, starven\nPlautdietsch: stoawen\nOld Dutch: stervan\nMiddle Dutch: sterven\nDutch: sterven\nAfrikaans: sterf, sterwe\nLimburgish: stèrve\nOld High German: sterban\nMiddle High German: sterben\nAlemannic German: steerbe, sterbe\nBavarian: sterbn\nGerman: sterben\nHunsrik: sterrve\nLuxembourgish: stierwen\nYiddish: שטאַרבן (shtarbn)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *sterban\nOld English: steorfan\nMiddle English: sterven, sterve\nEnglish: starve\nScots: sterve\nOld Frisian: sterva\nSaterland Frisian: stíerve\nWest Frisian: stjerre\nOld Saxon: stervan\nMiddle Low German: sterven, starven\nLow German: staarven, starven\nPlautdietsch: stoawen\nOld Dutch: stervan\nMiddle Dutch: sterven\nDutch: sterven\nAfrikaans: sterf, sterwe\nLimburgish: stèrve\nOld High German: sterban\nMiddle High German: sterben\nAlemannic German: steerbe, sterbe\nBavarian: sterbn\nGerman: sterben\nHunsrik: sterrve\nLuxembourgish: stierwen\nYiddish: שטאַרבן (shtarbn)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "styrfinn",
            "3": "stirfinn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: styrfinn, stirfinn",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "past participle adjective"
          },
          "expansion": "(past participle adjective)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: styrfinn, stirfinn (past participle adjective)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "stirfinn"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: stirfinn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: stirfinn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "stirvin"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: stirvin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: stirvin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)terp-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to lose force; lose sensibility, become numb; be dead, be motionless"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)terp- (“to lose force; lose sensibility, become numb; be dead, be motionless”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "torpēre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin torpēre",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sterbʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be stiff, become stiff"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sterbʰ- (“to be stiff, become stiff”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "στέρφνιος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hard, firm, tight"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek στέρφνιος (stérphnios, “hard, firm, tight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)terp- (“to lose force; lose sensibility, become numb; be dead, be motionless”). Cognate with Latin torpēre. Or from Proto-Indo-European *sterbʰ- (“to be stiff, become stiff”), cognate with Ancient Greek στέρφνιος (stérphnios, “hard, firm, tight”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stirbizi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterb",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbazai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaizau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stirbidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbadau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbadai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaidau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaidiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stirbid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stirbid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbandi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbandau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "starb",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "starft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "starb",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbanaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sterb",
        "2": "starb",
        "3": "sturb",
        "4": "sturb",
        "class": "3",
        "nopass": "1"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sterbaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to become stiff"
      ],
      "id": "en-sterbaną-gem-pro-verb-yXsBnClq",
      "links": [
        [
          "stiff",
          "stiff"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to die, become lifeless"
      ],
      "id": "en-sterbaną-gem-pro-verb-~CXCwkQ-",
      "links": [
        [
          "die",
          "die"
        ],
        [
          "lifeless",
          "lifeless"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*dawjaną"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈster.βɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sterbaną"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic class 3 strong verbs",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "starbijaną"
    },
    {
      "english": "labor",
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "North"
      ],
      "word": "starfą"
    },
    {
      "word": "sterbô"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*sterban"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *sterban\nOld English: steorfan\nMiddle English: sterven, sterve\nEnglish: starve\nScots: sterve\nOld Frisian: sterva\nSaterland Frisian: stíerve\nWest Frisian: stjerre\nOld Saxon: stervan\nMiddle Low German: sterven, starven\nLow German: staarven, starven\nPlautdietsch: stoawen\nOld Dutch: stervan\nMiddle Dutch: sterven\nDutch: sterven\nAfrikaans: sterf, sterwe\nLimburgish: stèrve\nOld High German: sterban\nMiddle High German: sterben\nAlemannic German: steerbe, sterbe\nBavarian: sterbn\nGerman: sterben\nHunsrik: sterrve\nLuxembourgish: stierwen\nYiddish: שטאַרבן (shtarbn)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *sterban\nOld English: steorfan\nMiddle English: sterven, sterve\nEnglish: starve\nScots: sterve\nOld Frisian: sterva\nSaterland Frisian: stíerve\nWest Frisian: stjerre\nOld Saxon: stervan\nMiddle Low German: sterven, starven\nLow German: staarven, starven\nPlautdietsch: stoawen\nOld Dutch: stervan\nMiddle Dutch: sterven\nDutch: sterven\nAfrikaans: sterf, sterwe\nLimburgish: stèrve\nOld High German: sterban\nMiddle High German: sterben\nAlemannic German: steerbe, sterbe\nBavarian: sterbn\nGerman: sterben\nHunsrik: sterrve\nLuxembourgish: stierwen\nYiddish: שטאַרבן (shtarbn)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "styrfinn",
            "3": "stirfinn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: styrfinn, stirfinn",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "past participle adjective"
          },
          "expansion": "(past participle adjective)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: styrfinn, stirfinn (past participle adjective)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "stirfinn"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: stirfinn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: stirfinn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "stirvin"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: stirvin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: stirvin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)terp-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to lose force; lose sensibility, become numb; be dead, be motionless"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)terp- (“to lose force; lose sensibility, become numb; be dead, be motionless”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "torpēre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin torpēre",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sterbʰ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be stiff, become stiff"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sterbʰ- (“to be stiff, become stiff”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "στέρφνιος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hard, firm, tight"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek στέρφνιος (stérphnios, “hard, firm, tight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)terp- (“to lose force; lose sensibility, become numb; be dead, be motionless”). Cognate with Latin torpēre. Or from Proto-Indo-European *sterbʰ- (“to be stiff, become stiff”), cognate with Ancient Greek στέρφνιος (stérphnios, “hard, firm, tight”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stirbizi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterb",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbazai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaizau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stirbidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbadau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbadai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaidau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaidiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbadiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stirbid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stirbid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbandi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbandau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "starb",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "starft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "starb",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sterbandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sturbanaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sterb",
        "2": "starb",
        "3": "sturb",
        "4": "sturb",
        "class": "3",
        "nopass": "1"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sterbaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to become stiff"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stiff",
          "stiff"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to die, become lifeless"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "die",
          "die"
        ],
        [
          "lifeless",
          "lifeless"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*dawjaną"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈster.βɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sterbaną"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sterbaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.