See skelfō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skelfu",
"3": "*skelf",
"g1": "f",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skelfu f, *skelf m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skelfu f, *skelf m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċielf",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sċielf m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sċielf m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*skelfe",
"3": "*skelf",
"g1": "f",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *skelfe f, *skelf m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *skelfe f, *skelf m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "skelf",
"g": "m,f"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: skelf m or f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: skelf m or f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*skelfa",
"3": "*skelf",
"g1": "f",
"g2": "m,n"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *skelfa f, *skelf m or n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *skelfa f, *skelf m or n"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "schelf",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: schelf n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: schelf n"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Schelf",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Schelf f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Schelf f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*skelfa",
"3": "*skelf",
"g1": "f",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *skelfa f, *skelf m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *skelfa f, *skelf m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "scelf",
"3": "scelve",
"g2": "m,f"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: scelf, scelve m or f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: scelf, scelve m or f"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schelf",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: schelf f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: schelf f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skilfijā",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *skilfijā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *skilfijā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċielfe"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sċielfe, sċylfe, sċilfe\nMiddle English: schelfe, shelf\nEnglish: shelf\nScots: schelf, shelf, skelf (skelf through confluence with Old Norse skjalf)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sċielfe, sċylfe, sċilfe\nMiddle English: schelfe, shelf\nEnglish: shelf\nScots: schelf, shelf, skelf (skelf through confluence with Old Norse skjalf)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*skjǫlf",
"3": "*skjálf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *skjǫlf, *skjálf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *skjǫlf, *skjálf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skjölf",
"t": "craggy ledge"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skjölf (“craggy ledge”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skjölf (“craggy ledge”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skjalf",
"3": "skjelv",
"4": "skjev",
"q": "in placenames"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: (in placenames) skjalf, skjelv, skjev",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: (in placenames) skjalf, skjelv, skjev"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skälv",
"3": "skölv",
"4": "skjalf",
"5": "skälf",
"6": "skiälf",
"q": "in placenames"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: (in placenames) skälv, skölv, skjalf, skälf, skiälf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: (in placenames) skälv, skölv, skjalf, skälf, skiälf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "Hliðskjǫlf",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: Hliðskjǫlf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: Hliðskjǫlf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)kel(H)-p-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel(H)-p-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel(H)-p-, from *(s)kelH- (“to cut, split, divide”). Orel connects the word to *skelbaną (“to shiver, tremble”), though this is semantically dubious.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skelfō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "halbaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crag, cliff"
],
"id": "en-skelfō-gem-pro-noun-GZ7KRllI",
"links": [
[
"crag",
"crag"
],
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flat surface (e.g. floor, deck, shelf, ledge, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-skelfō-gem-pro-noun-SRu8UHHa",
"links": [
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"floor",
"floor"
],
[
"deck",
"deck"
],
[
"shelf",
"shelf"
],
[
"ledge",
"ledge"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "skelfō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skelfu",
"3": "*skelf",
"g1": "f",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skelfu f, *skelf m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skelfu f, *skelf m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċielf",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sċielf m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sċielf m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*skelfe",
"3": "*skelf",
"g1": "f",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *skelfe f, *skelf m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *skelfe f, *skelf m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "skelf",
"g": "m,f"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: skelf m or f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: skelf m or f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*skelfa",
"3": "*skelf",
"g1": "f",
"g2": "m,n"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *skelfa f, *skelf m or n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *skelfa f, *skelf m or n"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "schelf",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: schelf n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: schelf n"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Schelf",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Schelf f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Schelf f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*skelfa",
"3": "*skelf",
"g1": "f",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *skelfa f, *skelf m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *skelfa f, *skelf m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "scelf",
"3": "scelve",
"g2": "m,f"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: scelf, scelve m or f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: scelf, scelve m or f"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schelf",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: schelf f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: schelf f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skilfijā",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *skilfijā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *skilfijā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċielfe"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sċielfe, sċylfe, sċilfe\nMiddle English: schelfe, shelf\nEnglish: shelf\nScots: schelf, shelf, skelf (skelf through confluence with Old Norse skjalf)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sċielfe, sċylfe, sċilfe\nMiddle English: schelfe, shelf\nEnglish: shelf\nScots: schelf, shelf, skelf (skelf through confluence with Old Norse skjalf)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*skjǫlf",
"3": "*skjálf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *skjǫlf, *skjálf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *skjǫlf, *skjálf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skjölf",
"t": "craggy ledge"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skjölf (“craggy ledge”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skjölf (“craggy ledge”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skjalf",
"3": "skjelv",
"4": "skjev",
"q": "in placenames"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: (in placenames) skjalf, skjelv, skjev",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: (in placenames) skjalf, skjelv, skjev"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skälv",
"3": "skölv",
"4": "skjalf",
"5": "skälf",
"6": "skiälf",
"q": "in placenames"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: (in placenames) skälv, skölv, skjalf, skälf, skiälf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: (in placenames) skälv, skölv, skjalf, skälf, skiälf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "Hliðskjǫlf",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: Hliðskjǫlf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: Hliðskjǫlf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)kel(H)-p-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel(H)-p-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel(H)-p-, from *(s)kelH- (“to cut, split, divide”). Orel connects the word to *skelbaną (“to shiver, tremble”), though this is semantically dubious.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skelfōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skelfō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "halbaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crag, cliff"
],
"links": [
[
"crag",
"crag"
],
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"flat surface (e.g. floor, deck, shelf, ledge, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"floor",
"floor"
],
[
"deck",
"deck"
],
[
"shelf",
"shelf"
],
[
"ledge",
"ledge"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "skelfō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for skelfō meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.