"halbaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See halbaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈxɑl.βɑz/
Etymology: Apparently from a pre-Germanic *kolp-ó-s, of unclear further origin. Possibly from a p-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut”) (through a sense “divided”), and cognate with Sanskrit कॢप् (kḷp, “to manage, succeed, be fit”) (though Kroonen is skeptical due to the wide semantic gap), or from a stem *ḱol-bʰo-, and cognate with Lithuanian šalìs (“side, strip of land”). Alternatively, a recent theory suggests borrowing from Proto-Finnic *halpa, *halba- (“cheap, reduced”) (compare Finnish halpa (“cheap”), Estonian halb (“bad”)), itself possibly from Proto-Germanic *salwaz (“sallow, dirty”). Etymology templates: {{unk|gem-pro|unclear}} unclear, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*(s)kelH-||to cut}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut”), {{m-g|divided}} “divided”, {{cog|sa|कॢप्|t=to manage, succeed, be fit}} Sanskrit कॢप् (kḷp, “to manage, succeed, be fit”), {{m+|sa|कल्पयति||to trim, cut}} Sanskrit कल्पयति (kalpayati, “to trim, cut”), {{ref|However, compare Sanskrit <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">कल्पयति</i> (kalpayati, “to trim, cut”), the semantics of which may be closer.|group=note}}, {{bor|gem-pro|urj-fin-pro|*halpa}} Proto-Finnic *halpa, {{cog|fi|halpa||cheap}} Finnish halpa (“cheap”), {{cog|et|halb||bad}} Estonian halb (“bad”), {{cog|gem-pro|*salwaz|t=sallow, dirty}} Proto-Germanic *salwaz (“sallow, dirty”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|halb}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*halbaz|*halbanǭ|*halbas, -is|*halbammai|*halbanō|*halbai|*halbanz|*halbaizǫ̂|*halbaimaz|*halbaimiz|*halbō|*halbǭ|*halbaizōz|*halbaizōi|*halbaizō|*halbôz|*halbōz|*halbaizǫ̂|*halbaimaz|*halbaimiz|*halbą, -atō|*halbą, -atō|*halbas, -is|*halbammai|*halbanō|*halbō|*halbō|*halbaizǫ̂|*halbaimaz|*halbaimiz|*halbô|*halbanų|*halbiniz|*halbini|*halbinē|*halbaniz|*halbanunz|*halbanǫ̂|*halbammaz|*halbammiz|*halbǭ|*halbōnų|*halbōniz|*halbōni|*halbōnē|*halbōniz|*halbōnunz|*halbōnǫ̂|*halbōmaz|*halbōmiz|*halbô|*halbô|*halbiniz|*halbini|*halbinē|*halbōnō|*halbōnō|*halbanǫ̂|*halbammaz|*halbammiz|title=*halbaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], halbaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], halbai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], halbō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], halbôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], halbą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], halbō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], halbanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], halbanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], halbǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], halbōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], halbą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], halbō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], halbas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], halbaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], halbaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], halbaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], halbas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], halbaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], halbammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], halbaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], halbaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], halbaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], halbammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], halbaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], halbanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], halbaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], halbaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], halbaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], halbanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], halbaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], halbô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], halbaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], halbǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], halbōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], halbô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], halbōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], halbanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], halbanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], halbōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], halbōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], halbô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], halbōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], halbiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], halbanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], halbōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], halbōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], halbiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], halbanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], halbini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], halbammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], halbōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], halbōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], halbini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], halbammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], halbinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], halbammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], halbōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], halbōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], halbinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], halbammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. half Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *sēmi-, *twaidijaz Derived forms: Halbadaniz (english: Half-Dane), halbadaudaz, halbiþō, halbō, halbǭ
    Sense id: en-halbaz-gem-pro-adj-oRrgZGnG Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*halb"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *halb\nOld English: healf, half, halb\nMiddle English: half\nEnglish: half (see there for further descendants)\nScots: hauf\nYola: halleef, halef, halluf\nOld Frisian: half\nSaterland Frisian: hoolf\nWest Frisian: heal\nOld Saxon: half\nMiddle Low German: half\nLow German: half, halv\nPlautdietsch: haulf\nOld Dutch: *half\nMiddle Dutch: half\nDutch: half\nAfrikaans: half\nOld High German: halb, halp; half (Central German)\nMiddle High German: halp; half\nBavarian: hoib\nCentral Franconian: hallev\nHunsrik: halleb\nLuxembourgish: hallef\nCimbrian: halp\nGerman: halb\nYiddish: האַלב (halb)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *halb\nOld English: healf, half, halb\nMiddle English: half\nEnglish: half (see there for further descendants)\nScots: hauf\nYola: halleef, halef, halluf\nOld Frisian: half\nSaterland Frisian: hoolf\nWest Frisian: heal\nOld Saxon: half\nMiddle Low German: half\nLow German: half, halv\nPlautdietsch: haulf\nOld Dutch: *half\nMiddle Dutch: half\nDutch: half\nAfrikaans: half\nOld High German: halb, halp; half (Central German)\nMiddle High German: halp; half\nBavarian: hoib\nCentral Franconian: hallev\nHunsrik: halleb\nLuxembourgish: hallef\nCimbrian: halp\nGerman: halb\nYiddish: האַלב (halb)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "halfr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: halfr, hálfr — western dialects\nIcelandic: hálfur\nFaroese: hálvur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: halv, (dialectal) halv’u, hålv’e, håv’e, alv’e\nElfdalian: åv\nOld Swedish: halve\nSwedish: halv\nOld Danish: half\nDanish: halv\nNorwegian Bokmål: halv\nScanian: halver\nGutnish: halvar",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: halfr, hálfr — western dialects\nIcelandic: hálfur\nFaroese: hálvur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: halv, (dialectal) halv’u, hålv’e, håv’e, alv’e\nElfdalian: åv\nOld Swedish: halve\nSwedish: halv\nOld Danish: half\nDanish: halv\nNorwegian Bokmål: halv\nScanian: halver\nGutnish: halvar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍃 (halbs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍃 (halbs)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to cut"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "divided"
      },
      "expansion": "“divided”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कॢप्",
        "t": "to manage, succeed, be fit"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कॢप् (kḷp, “to manage, succeed, be fit”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कल्पयति",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to trim, cut"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कल्पयति (kalpayati, “to trim, cut”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "However, compare Sanskrit <i class=\"Deva mention\" lang=\"sa\">कल्पयति</i> (kalpayati, “to trim, cut”), the semantics of which may be closer.",
        "group": "note"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*halpa"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *halpa",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "halpa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cheap"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish halpa (“cheap”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "halb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bad"
      },
      "expansion": "Estonian halb (“bad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*salwaz",
        "t": "sallow, dirty"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *salwaz (“sallow, dirty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Apparently from a pre-Germanic *kolp-ó-s, of unclear further origin. Possibly from a p-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut”) (through a sense “divided”), and cognate with Sanskrit कॢप् (kḷp, “to manage, succeed, be fit”) (though Kroonen is skeptical due to the wide semantic gap), or from a stem *ḱol-bʰo-, and cognate with Lithuanian šalìs (“side, strip of land”). Alternatively, a recent theory suggests borrowing from Proto-Finnic *halpa, *halba- (“cheap, reduced”) (compare Finnish halpa (“cheap”), Estonian halb (“bad”)), itself possibly from Proto-Germanic *salwaz (“sallow, dirty”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "halb"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*halbaz",
        "10": "*halbaimiz",
        "11": "*halbō",
        "12": "*halbǭ",
        "13": "*halbaizōz",
        "14": "*halbaizōi",
        "15": "*halbaizō",
        "16": "*halbôz",
        "17": "*halbōz",
        "18": "*halbaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*halbaimaz",
        "2": "*halbanǭ",
        "20": "*halbaimiz",
        "21": "*halbą, -atō",
        "22": "*halbą, -atō",
        "23": "*halbas, -is",
        "24": "*halbammai",
        "25": "*halbanō",
        "26": "*halbō",
        "27": "*halbō",
        "28": "*halbaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*halbaimaz",
        "3": "*halbas, -is",
        "30": "*halbaimiz",
        "31": "*halbô",
        "32": "*halbanų",
        "33": "*halbiniz",
        "34": "*halbini",
        "35": "*halbinē",
        "36": "*halbaniz",
        "37": "*halbanunz",
        "38": "*halbanǫ̂",
        "39": "*halbammaz",
        "4": "*halbammai",
        "40": "*halbammiz",
        "41": "*halbǭ",
        "42": "*halbōnų",
        "43": "*halbōniz",
        "44": "*halbōni",
        "45": "*halbōnē",
        "46": "*halbōniz",
        "47": "*halbōnunz",
        "48": "*halbōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*halbōmaz",
        "5": "*halbanō",
        "50": "*halbōmiz",
        "51": "*halbô",
        "52": "*halbô",
        "53": "*halbiniz",
        "54": "*halbini",
        "55": "*halbinē",
        "56": "*halbōnō",
        "57": "*halbōnō",
        "58": "*halbanǫ̂",
        "59": "*halbammaz",
        "6": "*halbai",
        "60": "*halbammiz",
        "7": "*halbanz",
        "8": "*halbaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*halbaimaz",
        "title": "*halbaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/halbaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "Half-Dane",
          "word": "Halbadaniz"
        },
        {
          "word": "halbadaudaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "halbiþō"
        },
        {
          "word": "halbō"
        },
        {
          "word": "halbǭ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "half"
      ],
      "id": "en-halbaz-gem-pro-adj-oRrgZGnG",
      "links": [
        [
          "half",
          "half"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*sēmi-"
        },
        {
          "word": "*twaidijaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɑl.βɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "halbaz"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "Half-Dane",
      "word": "Halbadaniz"
    },
    {
      "word": "halbadaudaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "halbiþō"
    },
    {
      "word": "halbō"
    },
    {
      "word": "halbǭ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*halb"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *halb\nOld English: healf, half, halb\nMiddle English: half\nEnglish: half (see there for further descendants)\nScots: hauf\nYola: halleef, halef, halluf\nOld Frisian: half\nSaterland Frisian: hoolf\nWest Frisian: heal\nOld Saxon: half\nMiddle Low German: half\nLow German: half, halv\nPlautdietsch: haulf\nOld Dutch: *half\nMiddle Dutch: half\nDutch: half\nAfrikaans: half\nOld High German: halb, halp; half (Central German)\nMiddle High German: halp; half\nBavarian: hoib\nCentral Franconian: hallev\nHunsrik: halleb\nLuxembourgish: hallef\nCimbrian: halp\nGerman: halb\nYiddish: האַלב (halb)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *halb\nOld English: healf, half, halb\nMiddle English: half\nEnglish: half (see there for further descendants)\nScots: hauf\nYola: halleef, halef, halluf\nOld Frisian: half\nSaterland Frisian: hoolf\nWest Frisian: heal\nOld Saxon: half\nMiddle Low German: half\nLow German: half, halv\nPlautdietsch: haulf\nOld Dutch: *half\nMiddle Dutch: half\nDutch: half\nAfrikaans: half\nOld High German: halb, halp; half (Central German)\nMiddle High German: halp; half\nBavarian: hoib\nCentral Franconian: hallev\nHunsrik: halleb\nLuxembourgish: hallef\nCimbrian: halp\nGerman: halb\nYiddish: האַלב (halb)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "halfr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: halfr, hálfr — western dialects\nIcelandic: hálfur\nFaroese: hálvur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: halv, (dialectal) halv’u, hålv’e, håv’e, alv’e\nElfdalian: åv\nOld Swedish: halve\nSwedish: halv\nOld Danish: half\nDanish: halv\nNorwegian Bokmål: halv\nScanian: halver\nGutnish: halvar",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: halfr, hálfr — western dialects\nIcelandic: hálfur\nFaroese: hálvur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: halv, (dialectal) halv’u, hålv’e, håv’e, alv’e\nElfdalian: åv\nOld Swedish: halve\nSwedish: halv\nOld Danish: half\nDanish: halv\nNorwegian Bokmål: halv\nScanian: halver\nGutnish: halvar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍃 (halbs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍃 (halbs)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kelH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to cut"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "divided"
      },
      "expansion": "“divided”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कॢप्",
        "t": "to manage, succeed, be fit"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कॢप् (kḷp, “to manage, succeed, be fit”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कल्पयति",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to trim, cut"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कल्पयति (kalpayati, “to trim, cut”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "However, compare Sanskrit <i class=\"Deva mention\" lang=\"sa\">कल्पयति</i> (kalpayati, “to trim, cut”), the semantics of which may be closer.",
        "group": "note"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "urj-fin-pro",
        "3": "*halpa"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *halpa",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "halpa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cheap"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish halpa (“cheap”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "halb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bad"
      },
      "expansion": "Estonian halb (“bad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*salwaz",
        "t": "sallow, dirty"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *salwaz (“sallow, dirty”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Apparently from a pre-Germanic *kolp-ó-s, of unclear further origin. Possibly from a p-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut”) (through a sense “divided”), and cognate with Sanskrit कॢप् (kḷp, “to manage, succeed, be fit”) (though Kroonen is skeptical due to the wide semantic gap), or from a stem *ḱol-bʰo-, and cognate with Lithuanian šalìs (“side, strip of land”). Alternatively, a recent theory suggests borrowing from Proto-Finnic *halpa, *halba- (“cheap, reduced”) (compare Finnish halpa (“cheap”), Estonian halb (“bad”)), itself possibly from Proto-Germanic *salwaz (“sallow, dirty”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "halbammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "halb"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*halbaz",
        "10": "*halbaimiz",
        "11": "*halbō",
        "12": "*halbǭ",
        "13": "*halbaizōz",
        "14": "*halbaizōi",
        "15": "*halbaizō",
        "16": "*halbôz",
        "17": "*halbōz",
        "18": "*halbaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*halbaimaz",
        "2": "*halbanǭ",
        "20": "*halbaimiz",
        "21": "*halbą, -atō",
        "22": "*halbą, -atō",
        "23": "*halbas, -is",
        "24": "*halbammai",
        "25": "*halbanō",
        "26": "*halbō",
        "27": "*halbō",
        "28": "*halbaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*halbaimaz",
        "3": "*halbas, -is",
        "30": "*halbaimiz",
        "31": "*halbô",
        "32": "*halbanų",
        "33": "*halbiniz",
        "34": "*halbini",
        "35": "*halbinē",
        "36": "*halbaniz",
        "37": "*halbanunz",
        "38": "*halbanǫ̂",
        "39": "*halbammaz",
        "4": "*halbammai",
        "40": "*halbammiz",
        "41": "*halbǭ",
        "42": "*halbōnų",
        "43": "*halbōniz",
        "44": "*halbōni",
        "45": "*halbōnē",
        "46": "*halbōniz",
        "47": "*halbōnunz",
        "48": "*halbōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*halbōmaz",
        "5": "*halbanō",
        "50": "*halbōmiz",
        "51": "*halbô",
        "52": "*halbô",
        "53": "*halbiniz",
        "54": "*halbini",
        "55": "*halbinē",
        "56": "*halbōnō",
        "57": "*halbōnō",
        "58": "*halbanǫ̂",
        "59": "*halbammaz",
        "6": "*halbai",
        "60": "*halbammiz",
        "7": "*halbanz",
        "8": "*halbaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*halbaimaz",
        "title": "*halbaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/halbaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms borrowed from Proto-Finnic",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "half"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "half",
          "half"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*sēmi-"
        },
        {
          "word": "*twaidijaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɑl.βɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "halbaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for halbaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (13.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.