See sōl in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for sōl meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sōl",
"g": "f",
"qq": "consonant stem"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *sōl f (consonant stem)\nOld English: sōl ?\nOld Saxon: sōl f",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *sōl f (consonant stem)\nOld English: sōl ?\nOld Saxon: sōl f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sól",
"g": "f",
"qq": "rebuilt strong ō-stem"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: sól f, ᛋᚢᛚ (sul), ᛌᚢᛚ (sul); ᛋᛟᛚᚢ (sᴏlu) (rebuilt strong ō-stem)\nIcelandic: sól\nFaroese: sól\nNorn: sul\nNorwegian Bokmål: sol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: sol\nOld Swedish: sōl\nSwedish: sol\nDanish: sol\nGutnish: sol, soli\n→ Scots: sul, sool",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: sól f, ᛋᚢᛚ (sul), ᛌᚢᛚ (sul); ᛋᛟᛚᚢ (sᴏlu) (rebuilt strong ō-stem)\nIcelandic: sól\nFaroese: sól\nNorn: sul\nNorwegian Bokmål: sol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: sol\nOld Swedish: sōl\nSwedish: sol\nDanish: sol\nGutnish: sol, soli\n→ Scots: sul, sool"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 n (sauil)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 n (sauil)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sóh₂wl̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 (sauil)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sól"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse sól",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "With the loss of *w between rounded vowels (*w > ∅ / V<small>_(+round)</small>_V<small>_(+round)</small>), followed by Mahlow's Law (*ōu > *ō / _C{#,V}).",
"group": "notes"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*séh₂wel ~ *sh₂un-és"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *séh₂wel ~ *sh₂un-és",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hnōil"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hnōil",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hnōil",
"t": "planer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hnōil (“planer”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ ~ *sh₂wén-s (“sun”), though how and as what inflection type is uncertain. Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 (sauil) and Old Norse sól point to *s(ᵉ/ₒ)h₂wel- and *sᵉ/ₒh₂wul-, respectively, which perhaps suggests an inherited l/n-stem paradigm *sōl (< *sōwul) ~ *sawiniz (or consonant stem *sōl ~ *sawiliz), with the Gothic leveled from the weak case.\nAlternatively reconstructed as *sōel (< *sōwel) ~ *suniz, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂wel ~ *sh₂un-és, and although this would account for the Gothic form, is problematic for the West Germanic and Old Norse forms, where one might expect the outcome in Old Saxon to be **sō(w)el, **sō(w)il, compare Old Saxon hnōil, from Proto-West Germanic *hnōil (“planer”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sōl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sugilaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sunnǭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sunnô"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "swagilaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sun, the Sun"
],
"id": "en-sōl-gem-pro-noun-~FYj5HAm",
"links": [
[
"sun",
"sun"
],
[
"Sun",
"Sun"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "Old Norse: *sǿli",
"word": "⇒ Old Norse: andsǿlis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "Old Norse: *sǿli",
"word": "⇒ Old Norse: rangsǿlis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "Old Norse: *sǿli",
"word": "⇒ Old Norse: réttsǿlis"
}
],
"glosses": [
"name of the S-rune (ᛊ)"
],
"id": "en-sōl-gem-pro-noun-J-S00Km~",
"links": [
[
"ᛊ",
"ᛊ"
]
],
"qualifier": "Runic alphabet",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Runic alphabet) name of the S-rune (ᛊ)"
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "sōl"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic irregular nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *sǿli",
"word": "⇒ Old Norse: andsǿlis"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *sǿli",
"word": "⇒ Old Norse: rangsǿlis"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *sǿli",
"word": "⇒ Old Norse: réttsǿlis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sōl",
"g": "f",
"qq": "consonant stem"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *sōl f (consonant stem)\nOld English: sōl ?\nOld Saxon: sōl f",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *sōl f (consonant stem)\nOld English: sōl ?\nOld Saxon: sōl f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sól",
"g": "f",
"qq": "rebuilt strong ō-stem"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: sól f, ᛋᚢᛚ (sul), ᛌᚢᛚ (sul); ᛋᛟᛚᚢ (sᴏlu) (rebuilt strong ō-stem)\nIcelandic: sól\nFaroese: sól\nNorn: sul\nNorwegian Bokmål: sol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: sol\nOld Swedish: sōl\nSwedish: sol\nDanish: sol\nGutnish: sol, soli\n→ Scots: sul, sool",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: sól f, ᛋᚢᛚ (sul), ᛌᚢᛚ (sul); ᛋᛟᛚᚢ (sᴏlu) (rebuilt strong ō-stem)\nIcelandic: sól\nFaroese: sól\nNorn: sul\nNorwegian Bokmål: sol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: sol\nOld Swedish: sōl\nSwedish: sol\nDanish: sol\nGutnish: sol, soli\n→ Scots: sul, sool"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 n (sauil)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 n (sauil)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sóh₂wl̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 (sauil)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sól"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse sól",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "With the loss of *w between rounded vowels (*w > ∅ / V<small>_(+round)</small>_V<small>_(+round)</small>), followed by Mahlow's Law (*ōu > *ō / _C{#,V}).",
"group": "notes"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*séh₂wel ~ *sh₂un-és"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *séh₂wel ~ *sh₂un-és",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hnōil"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hnōil",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hnōil",
"t": "planer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hnōil (“planer”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ ~ *sh₂wén-s (“sun”), though how and as what inflection type is uncertain. Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 (sauil) and Old Norse sól point to *s(ᵉ/ₒ)h₂wel- and *sᵉ/ₒh₂wul-, respectively, which perhaps suggests an inherited l/n-stem paradigm *sōl (< *sōwul) ~ *sawiniz (or consonant stem *sōl ~ *sawiliz), with the Gothic leveled from the weak case.\nAlternatively reconstructed as *sōel (< *sōwel) ~ *suniz, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂wel ~ *sh₂un-és, and although this would account for the Gothic form, is problematic for the West Germanic and Old Norse forms, where one might expect the outcome in Old Saxon to be **sō(w)el, **sō(w)il, compare Old Saxon hnōil, from Proto-West Germanic *hnōil (“planer”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sōl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "sugilaz"
},
{
"word": "sunnǭ"
},
{
"word": "sunnô"
},
{
"word": "swagilaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sun, the Sun"
],
"links": [
[
"sun",
"sun"
],
[
"Sun",
"Sun"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"name of the S-rune (ᛊ)"
],
"links": [
[
"ᛊ",
"ᛊ"
]
],
"qualifier": "Runic alphabet",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Runic alphabet) name of the S-rune (ᛊ)"
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "sōl"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.