See risiz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*risi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *risi, *wrisi\nOld Frisian: *rise\nSaterland Frisian: Riese\nWest Frisian: reis\nOld Saxon: *risi, *wrisi\nMiddle Low German: rêse\nGerman Low German:\nBentheimisch: Ries\nWestmünsterländisch: Riese\n⇒? Old Saxon: wrisilīk (“giant”, adj)\n⇒? Old Saxon: wrisilīko (“gigantic”, adverb)\nOld Dutch: *risi\nMiddle Dutch: rêse, rôse, ruese\nDutch: reus\nAfrikaans: reus\n→ West Frisian: reus\nOld High German: risi\nMiddle High German: rise\nGerman: Riese\nLuxembourgish: Ris",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *risi, *wrisi\nOld Frisian: *rise\nSaterland Frisian: Riese\nWest Frisian: reis\nOld Saxon: *risi, *wrisi\nMiddle Low German: rêse\nGerman Low German:\nBentheimisch: Ries\nWestmünsterländisch: Riese\n⇒? Old Saxon: wrisilīk (“giant”, adj)\n⇒? Old Saxon: wrisilīko (“gigantic”, adverb)\nOld Dutch: *risi\nMiddle Dutch: rêse, rôse, ruese\nDutch: reus\nAfrikaans: reus\n→ West Frisian: reus\nOld High German: risi\nMiddle High German: rise\nGerman: Riese\nLuxembourgish: Ris"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "risi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: risi\nIcelandic: risi\nFaroese: risi\nNorwegian: rise\nOld Swedish: rise\nSwedish: rese\nDanish: rise",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: risi\nIcelandic: risi\nFaroese: risi\nNorwegian: rise\nOld Swedish: rise\nSwedish: rese\nDanish: rise"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "wrisil",
"3": "",
"4": "hero"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch wrisil (“hero”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "wrisilīk",
"3": "",
"4": "gigantic"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon wrisilīk (“gigantic”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wreyh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wreyh₁-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ῥίον",
"t": "peak, summit"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥίον (rhíon, “peak, summit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ri"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ri",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "rye",
"t": "city, town"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B rye (“city, town”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txh",
"2": "βρία",
"t": "city, wall"
},
"expansion": "Thracian βρία (vría, “city, wall”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wers-",
"t": "hill, top"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“hill, top”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verrūca",
"t": "wart; hillock"
},
"expansion": "Latin verrūca (“wart; hillock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वर्स्मन्",
"t": "height, top",
"tr": "vársman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वर्स्मन् (vársman, “height, top”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vьrxъ",
"t": "top"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (“top”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly a zero-grade derivative of *rīsaną.\nOn the basis of Old Dutch wrisil (“hero”) and Old Saxon wrisilīk (“gigantic”), this form is sometimes reconstructed as *wrisi-, and then either from Proto-Indo-European *wreyh₁- (thus related to Ancient Greek ῥίον (rhíon, “peak, summit”), and perhaps Tocharian A ri, Tocharian B rye (“city, town”), Thracian βρία (vría, “city, wall”)), or from Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“hill, top”) (perhaps whence Latin verrūca (“wart; hillock”), Sanskrit वर्स्मन् (vársman, “height, top”), Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (“top”)). However, this derivation is problematic as there is no sign of an initial cluster wr- in any of the descendants that otherwise preserve it (northern West Germanic and Old East Norse).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "risiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "risīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "risi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "risīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "risį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "risinz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "risīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "risjǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "risī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "risimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "risī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "risimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/risiz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a giant"
],
"id": "en-risiz-gem-pro-noun-fQ5Z4acH",
"links": [
[
"giant",
"giant"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "etunaz"
},
{
"word": "þurisaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈri.siz/"
}
],
"word": "risiz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*risi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *risi, *wrisi\nOld Frisian: *rise\nSaterland Frisian: Riese\nWest Frisian: reis\nOld Saxon: *risi, *wrisi\nMiddle Low German: rêse\nGerman Low German:\nBentheimisch: Ries\nWestmünsterländisch: Riese\n⇒? Old Saxon: wrisilīk (“giant”, adj)\n⇒? Old Saxon: wrisilīko (“gigantic”, adverb)\nOld Dutch: *risi\nMiddle Dutch: rêse, rôse, ruese\nDutch: reus\nAfrikaans: reus\n→ West Frisian: reus\nOld High German: risi\nMiddle High German: rise\nGerman: Riese\nLuxembourgish: Ris",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *risi, *wrisi\nOld Frisian: *rise\nSaterland Frisian: Riese\nWest Frisian: reis\nOld Saxon: *risi, *wrisi\nMiddle Low German: rêse\nGerman Low German:\nBentheimisch: Ries\nWestmünsterländisch: Riese\n⇒? Old Saxon: wrisilīk (“giant”, adj)\n⇒? Old Saxon: wrisilīko (“gigantic”, adverb)\nOld Dutch: *risi\nMiddle Dutch: rêse, rôse, ruese\nDutch: reus\nAfrikaans: reus\n→ West Frisian: reus\nOld High German: risi\nMiddle High German: rise\nGerman: Riese\nLuxembourgish: Ris"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "risi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: risi\nIcelandic: risi\nFaroese: risi\nNorwegian: rise\nOld Swedish: rise\nSwedish: rese\nDanish: rise",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: risi\nIcelandic: risi\nFaroese: risi\nNorwegian: rise\nOld Swedish: rise\nSwedish: rese\nDanish: rise"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "wrisil",
"3": "",
"4": "hero"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch wrisil (“hero”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "wrisilīk",
"3": "",
"4": "gigantic"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon wrisilīk (“gigantic”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wreyh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wreyh₁-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ῥίον",
"t": "peak, summit"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥίον (rhíon, “peak, summit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ri"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ri",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "rye",
"t": "city, town"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B rye (“city, town”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txh",
"2": "βρία",
"t": "city, wall"
},
"expansion": "Thracian βρία (vría, “city, wall”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wers-",
"t": "hill, top"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“hill, top”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verrūca",
"t": "wart; hillock"
},
"expansion": "Latin verrūca (“wart; hillock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वर्स्मन्",
"t": "height, top",
"tr": "vársman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वर्स्मन् (vársman, “height, top”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vьrxъ",
"t": "top"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (“top”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly a zero-grade derivative of *rīsaną.\nOn the basis of Old Dutch wrisil (“hero”) and Old Saxon wrisilīk (“gigantic”), this form is sometimes reconstructed as *wrisi-, and then either from Proto-Indo-European *wreyh₁- (thus related to Ancient Greek ῥίον (rhíon, “peak, summit”), and perhaps Tocharian A ri, Tocharian B rye (“city, town”), Thracian βρία (vría, “city, wall”)), or from Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“hill, top”) (perhaps whence Latin verrūca (“wart; hillock”), Sanskrit वर्स्मन् (vársman, “height, top”), Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (“top”)). However, this derivation is problematic as there is no sign of an initial cluster wr- in any of the descendants that otherwise preserve it (northern West Germanic and Old East Norse).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "risiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "risīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "risi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "risīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "risį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "risinz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "risīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "risjǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "risī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "risimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "risī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "risimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/risiz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"gem-pro:Mythological creatures"
],
"glosses": [
"a giant"
],
"links": [
[
"giant",
"giant"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈri.siz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "etunaz"
},
{
"word": "þurisaz"
}
],
"word": "risiz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for risiz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.