See pukô in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pokō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *pokō, *pokkō\nOld English: pohha, pocca\nMiddle English: pogh, pouge, poc, pok\nEnglish: poke (merged with Anglo-Norman cognate)\nScots: poke, poik (merged with Anglo-Norman cognate)\nOld Saxon: *poko, *puko; *pukil\nMiddle Low German: pok m; pocke, poche f; pukel, pockel\nGerman Low German: Pock f; Puckel m\nOld Dutch: *poko; *poka\nMiddle Dutch: poke\nDutch: pook (obsolete)\nOld High German: *pfohho, *pfocho\nMiddle High German: pfoch\nGerman: Pfoche (dialectal)\n→ Vulgar Latin: *poca, *pocca\nOld French: puche, poche, pouche; pochete (diminutive)\nMiddle French: poche; pochete, poucette, pochette\nFrench: poche; pochette\nMiddle English: pouch\nEnglish: pouch\nOld Northern French: poke, poque, pouche, puche\nPicard: poque\nNorman: pouque, pouquette\n→ Middle English: poke, pok, poc, puke\nEnglish: poke (regional)\nScots: pock, poke, pok, polk, pook, pyock\nYola: poake, pooke\n→ Irish: póca\nOld Occitan: pocha; pocheta\nOccitan: pòcha; pocheta",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *pokō, *pokkō\nOld English: pohha, pocca\nMiddle English: pogh, pouge, poc, pok\nEnglish: poke (merged with Anglo-Norman cognate)\nScots: poke, poik (merged with Anglo-Norman cognate)\nOld Saxon: *poko, *puko; *pukil\nMiddle Low German: pok m; pocke, poche f; pukel, pockel\nGerman Low German: Pock f; Puckel m\nOld Dutch: *poko; *poka\nMiddle Dutch: poke\nDutch: pook (obsolete)\nOld High German: *pfohho, *pfocho\nMiddle High German: pfoch\nGerman: Pfoche (dialectal)\n→ Vulgar Latin: *poca, *pocca\nOld French: puche, poche, pouche; pochete (diminutive)\nMiddle French: poche; pochete, poucette, pochette\nFrench: poche; pochette\nMiddle English: pouch\nEnglish: pouch\nOld Northern French: poke, poque, pouche, puche\nPicard: poque\nNorman: pouque, pouquette\n→ Middle English: poke, pok, poc, puke\nEnglish: poke (regional)\nScots: pock, poke, pok, polk, pook, pyock\nYola: poake, pooke\n→ Irish: póca\nOld Occitan: pocha; pocheta\nOccitan: pòcha; pocheta"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "poki"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: poki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: poki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "poki"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: poki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: poki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "poki"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: poki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: poki"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bewk-",
"t": "to puff up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bewk- (“to puff up”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "buczyć",
"t": "to puff oneself up"
},
"expansion": "Polish buczyć (“to puff oneself up”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "sound-symbolic",
"name": "sound-symbolic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from an earlier *puhō (in view of the variation of the stems *puhhô, *pukkô, and *pukô), apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *bewk- (“to puff up”), and possibly cognate with Polish buczyć (“to puff oneself up”), though this is uncertain. Regardless, probably sound-symbolic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pukô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pukaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pukô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pukaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pukanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pukanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pukiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pukanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pukini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pukammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pukinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pukammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pukô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pukilaz"
},
{
"word": "pukkilaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bag; pouch"
],
"id": "en-pukô-gem-pro-noun-18~mOttL",
"links": [
[
"bag",
"bag"
],
[
"pouch",
"pouch"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "pukkaz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "balgiz"
},
{
"word": "keudō"
},
{
"word": "malhō"
},
{
"word": "pungô"
},
{
"word": "pusô"
},
{
"word": "seudaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpu.kɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "pukô"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "pukilaz"
},
{
"word": "pukkilaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pokō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *pokō, *pokkō\nOld English: pohha, pocca\nMiddle English: pogh, pouge, poc, pok\nEnglish: poke (merged with Anglo-Norman cognate)\nScots: poke, poik (merged with Anglo-Norman cognate)\nOld Saxon: *poko, *puko; *pukil\nMiddle Low German: pok m; pocke, poche f; pukel, pockel\nGerman Low German: Pock f; Puckel m\nOld Dutch: *poko; *poka\nMiddle Dutch: poke\nDutch: pook (obsolete)\nOld High German: *pfohho, *pfocho\nMiddle High German: pfoch\nGerman: Pfoche (dialectal)\n→ Vulgar Latin: *poca, *pocca\nOld French: puche, poche, pouche; pochete (diminutive)\nMiddle French: poche; pochete, poucette, pochette\nFrench: poche; pochette\nMiddle English: pouch\nEnglish: pouch\nOld Northern French: poke, poque, pouche, puche\nPicard: poque\nNorman: pouque, pouquette\n→ Middle English: poke, pok, poc, puke\nEnglish: poke (regional)\nScots: pock, poke, pok, polk, pook, pyock\nYola: poake, pooke\n→ Irish: póca\nOld Occitan: pocha; pocheta\nOccitan: pòcha; pocheta",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *pokō, *pokkō\nOld English: pohha, pocca\nMiddle English: pogh, pouge, poc, pok\nEnglish: poke (merged with Anglo-Norman cognate)\nScots: poke, poik (merged with Anglo-Norman cognate)\nOld Saxon: *poko, *puko; *pukil\nMiddle Low German: pok m; pocke, poche f; pukel, pockel\nGerman Low German: Pock f; Puckel m\nOld Dutch: *poko; *poka\nMiddle Dutch: poke\nDutch: pook (obsolete)\nOld High German: *pfohho, *pfocho\nMiddle High German: pfoch\nGerman: Pfoche (dialectal)\n→ Vulgar Latin: *poca, *pocca\nOld French: puche, poche, pouche; pochete (diminutive)\nMiddle French: poche; pochete, poucette, pochette\nFrench: poche; pochette\nMiddle English: pouch\nEnglish: pouch\nOld Northern French: poke, poque, pouche, puche\nPicard: poque\nNorman: pouque, pouquette\n→ Middle English: poke, pok, poc, puke\nEnglish: poke (regional)\nScots: pock, poke, pok, polk, pook, pyock\nYola: poake, pooke\n→ Irish: póca\nOld Occitan: pocha; pocheta\nOccitan: pòcha; pocheta"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "poki"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: poki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: poki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "poki"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: poki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: poki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "poki"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: poki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: poki"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bewk-",
"t": "to puff up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bewk- (“to puff up”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "buczyć",
"t": "to puff oneself up"
},
"expansion": "Polish buczyć (“to puff oneself up”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "sound-symbolic",
"name": "sound-symbolic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from an earlier *puhō (in view of the variation of the stems *puhhô, *pukkô, and *pukô), apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *bewk- (“to puff up”), and possibly cognate with Polish buczyć (“to puff oneself up”), though this is uncertain. Regardless, probably sound-symbolic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pukô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pukaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pukô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pukaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pukanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pukanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pukiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pukanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pukini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pukammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pukinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pukammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pukô",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pukkaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic sound-symbolic terms",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"gem-pro:Bags"
],
"glosses": [
"bag; pouch"
],
"links": [
[
"bag",
"bag"
],
[
"pouch",
"pouch"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpu.kɔːː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "balgiz"
},
{
"word": "keudō"
},
{
"word": "malhō"
},
{
"word": "pungô"
},
{
"word": "pusô"
},
{
"word": "seudaz"
}
],
"word": "pukô"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pukô meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.