See malhō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "māle"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "maele"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "meile"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "malaha"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "maal"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "malie"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "male"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "maal"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "malie"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "mael"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "maal"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "malie"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "maele"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*mala"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "malhe"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "malaha"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "malhe"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "malha"
},
{
"lang": "Medieval Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "mala"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*malhu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*molko-",
"t": "leather pouch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *molko- (“leather pouch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μολγός",
"t": "leather bag"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μολγός (molgós, “leather bag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "txh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Thracian",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *molko- (“leather pouch”) and connected with Ancient Greek μολγός (molgós, “leather bag”). However, Kroonen notes a formal mismatch between the Germanic and Hellenic terms, and suggests that both terms were borrowed from Thracian, or otherwise from some prehistoric Wanderwort.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "malhō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malhôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malhō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "malhôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "malhǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malhōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malhōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malhǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malhōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malhōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malhō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malhōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/malhō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"leather bag"
],
"id": "en-malhō-gem-pro-noun-ZyAX2HUU",
"links": [
[
"bag",
"bag"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "balgiz"
},
{
"word": "keudō"
},
{
"word": "puk(k)ô"
},
{
"word": "pungô"
},
{
"word": "pusô"
},
{
"word": "seudaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑl.xɔː/"
}
],
"word": "malhō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "māle"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "maele"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "meile"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "malaha"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "maal"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "malie"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "male"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "maal"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "malie"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "mael"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "maal"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "malie"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "maele"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*mala"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "malhe"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "malaha"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "malhe"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "malha"
},
{
"lang": "Medieval Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "mala"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*malhu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*molko-",
"t": "leather pouch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *molko- (“leather pouch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μολγός",
"t": "leather bag"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μολγός (molgós, “leather bag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "txh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Thracian",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *molko- (“leather pouch”) and connected with Ancient Greek μολγός (molgós, “leather bag”). However, Kroonen notes a formal mismatch between the Germanic and Hellenic terms, and suggests that both terms were borrowed from Thracian, or otherwise from some prehistoric Wanderwort.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "malhō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malhôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malhō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "malhôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "malhǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malhōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malhōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malhǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malhōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malhōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malhō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malhōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/malhō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms borrowed from Thracian",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Thracian",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns",
"gem-pro:Bags"
],
"glosses": [
"leather bag"
],
"links": [
[
"bag",
"bag"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑl.xɔː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "balgiz"
},
{
"word": "keudō"
},
{
"word": "puk(k)ô"
},
{
"word": "pungô"
},
{
"word": "pusô"
},
{
"word": "seudaz"
}
],
"word": "malhō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for malhō meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.