kwernuz in Proto-Germanic

IPA: /ˈkʷer.nuz/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Pre-Germanic *gʷérh₂nus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Sanskrit ग्रावन् (grāvan, “pressing stone”), Lithuanian gìrna (“grindstone, millstone”), Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”), Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”). Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gʷreh₂-}}, {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gʷréh₂wō|t=heavy stone}} Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), {{cog|sa|ग्रावन्||pressing stone}} Sanskrit ग्रावन् (grāvan, “pressing stone”), {{cog|lt|gìrna||grindstone, millstone}} Lithuanian gìrna (“grindstone, millstone”), {{cog|ru|жёрнов||grindstone, millstone}} Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”), {{cog|sga|bró||millstone, handmill}} Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], kwernuz [nominative, singular], kwirniwiz [nominative, plural], kwernu [singular, vocative], kwirniwiz [plural, vocative], kwernų [accusative, singular], kwernunz [accusative, plural], kwernauz [genitive, singular], kwirniwǫ̂ [genitive, plural], kwirniwi [dative, singular], kwernumaz [dative, plural], kwernū [instrumental, singular], kwernumiz [instrumental, plural]

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*kwernu"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwernu\nOld Saxon: kwern, quern\nMiddle Low German: quern\nOld Dutch: *kwern\nMiddle Dutch: querne\nDutch: kweern\nOld High German: kwirn, quirn, kurn, churn\nMiddle High German: kurn, kürn",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwernu\nOld Saxon: kwern, quern\nMiddle Low German: quern\nOld Dutch: *kwern\nMiddle Dutch: querne\nDutch: kweern\nOld High German: kwirn, quirn, kurn, churn\nMiddle High German: kurn, kürn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "*𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: *𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (*qairnus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: *𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (*qairnus) (in 𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (asiluqairnus))"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷreh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
        "t": "heavy stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ग्रावन्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pressing stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit ग्रावन् (grāvan, “pressing stone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "gìrna",
        "3": "",
        "4": "grindstone, millstone"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian gìrna (“grindstone, millstone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "жёрнов",
        "3": "",
        "4": "grindstone, millstone"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "bró",
        "3": "",
        "4": "millstone, handmill"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *gʷérh₂nus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Sanskrit ग्रावन् (grāvan, “pressing stone”), Lithuanian gìrna (“grindstone, millstone”), Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”), Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernuz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirniwiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirniwiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernauz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirniwǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirniwi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernumaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernumiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwernuz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kwernō"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "millstone"
      ],
      "id": "en-kwernuz-gem-pro-noun-E2etviUa",
      "links": [
        [
          "millstone",
          "millstone"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 92",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 97",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "handmill; quern"
      ],
      "id": "en-kwernuz-gem-pro-noun-YhnxGly~",
      "links": [
        [
          "handmill",
          "handmill"
        ],
        [
          "quern",
          "quern"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkʷer.nuz/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "kwernuz"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-",
    "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic u-stem nouns"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*kwernu"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwernu\nOld Saxon: kwern, quern\nMiddle Low German: quern\nOld Dutch: *kwern\nMiddle Dutch: querne\nDutch: kweern\nOld High German: kwirn, quirn, kurn, churn\nMiddle High German: kurn, kürn",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwernu\nOld Saxon: kwern, quern\nMiddle Low German: quern\nOld Dutch: *kwern\nMiddle Dutch: querne\nDutch: kweern\nOld High German: kwirn, quirn, kurn, churn\nMiddle High German: kurn, kürn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "*𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: *𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (*qairnus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: *𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (*qairnus) (in 𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (asiluqairnus))"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷreh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
        "t": "heavy stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ग्रावन्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pressing stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit ग्रावन् (grāvan, “pressing stone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "gìrna",
        "3": "",
        "4": "grindstone, millstone"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian gìrna (“grindstone, millstone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "жёрнов",
        "3": "",
        "4": "grindstone, millstone"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "bró",
        "3": "",
        "4": "millstone, handmill"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *gʷérh₂nus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Sanskrit ग्रावन् (grāvan, “pressing stone”), Lithuanian gìrna (“grindstone, millstone”), Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”), Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernuz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirniwiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirniwiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernauz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirniwǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirniwi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernumaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwernumiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwernuz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "kwernō"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "millstone"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "millstone",
          "millstone"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "handmill; quern"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "handmill",
          "handmill"
        ],
        [
          "quern",
          "quern"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkʷer.nuz/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "kwernuz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"kwernuz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

Noun