"kwerruz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See kwerruz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈkwer.ruz/
Etymology: From a Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to crumble, weaken”), and related to Latvian gur̃t (“to become weak, slacken”) and Lithuanian gùrti (“to crumble, weaken, subside”). The root *gʷerH- may be further identical to *gʷerh₂- (“heavy”), from the same semantic tree as Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“quern, millstone”), thus "to grind with a quern" > "to weaken, make lax" > "to make still, quiet". Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro||*gʷerH-|t=to crumble, weaken}} Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to crumble, weaken”), {{cog|lv|gur̃t|t=to become weak, slacken}} Latvian gur̃t (“to become weak, slacken”), {{cog|lt|gùrti|t=to crumble, weaken, subside}} Lithuanian gùrti (“to crumble, weaken, subside”), {{cog|ine-pro|*gʷréh₂wō|t=quern, millstone}} Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“quern, millstone”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj}} Forms: kwirrizô [comparative], kwirristaz [superlative], no-table-tags [table-tags], kwerruz [masculine, nominative, singular], kwirrī [feminine, nominative, singular], kwerrų [neuter, nominative, singular], -jatō [neuter, nominative, singular], kwirrijai [masculine, nominative, plural], kwirrijôz [feminine, nominative, plural], kwirrijō [neuter, nominative, plural], kwirrijanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular], kwirrijǭ [accusative, feminine, singular], kwerrų [accusative, neuter, singular], -jatō [accusative, neuter, singular], kwirrijanz [accusative, masculine, plural], kwirrijōz [accusative, feminine, plural], kwirrijō [accusative, neuter, plural], kwirrijas [genitive, masculine, singular], kwirrīs [genitive, masculine, singular], kwirrijaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular], kwirrijas [genitive, neuter, singular], kwirrīs [genitive, neuter, singular], kwirrijaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural], kwirrijaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural], kwirrijaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural], kwirrijammai [dative, masculine, singular], kwirrijaizōi [dative, feminine, singular], kwirrijammai [dative, neuter, singular], kwirrijaimaz [dative, masculine, plural], kwirrijaimaz [dative, feminine, plural], kwirrijaimaz [dative, neuter, plural], kwirrijanō [instrumental, masculine, singular], kwirrijaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular], kwirrijanō [instrumental, neuter, singular], kwirrijaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural], kwirrijaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural], kwirrijaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural], kwirrijô [masculine, nominative, singular], kwirrijǭ [feminine, nominative, singular], kwirrijô [neuter, nominative, singular], kwirrijaniz [masculine, nominative, plural], kwirrijōniz [feminine, nominative, plural], kwirrijōnō [neuter, nominative, plural], kwirrijanų [accusative, masculine, singular], kwirrijōnų [accusative, feminine, singular], kwirrijô [accusative, neuter, singular], kwirrijanunz [accusative, masculine, plural], kwirrijōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural], kwirrijōnō [accusative, neuter, plural], kwirrīniz [genitive, masculine, singular], kwirrijōniz [feminine, genitive, singular], kwirrīniz [genitive, neuter, singular], kwirrijanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural], kwirrijōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural], kwirrijanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural], kwirrīni [dative, masculine, singular], kwirrijōni [dative, feminine, singular], kwirrīni [dative, neuter, singular], kwirrijammaz [dative, masculine, plural], kwirrijōmaz [dative, feminine, plural], kwirrijammaz [dative, neuter, plural], kwirrīnē [instrumental, masculine, singular], kwirrijōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular], kwirrīnē [instrumental, neuter, singular], kwirrijammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural], kwirrijōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural], kwirrijammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural]
  1. calm; still; quiet Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Related terms: kwernuz [possibly]
    Sense id: en-kwerruz-gem-pro-adj-sn3~iNJE Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*kwirrī"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwirrī",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwirrī"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*kwerri"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *kwerri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *kwerri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "quēre",
            "3": "quēr"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: quēre, quēr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: quēre, quēr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*quirri",
            "3": "*querri"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *quirri, *querri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *quirri, *querri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "kurre",
            "3": "kürre",
            "4": "kirre"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: kurre, kürre, kirre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: kurre, kürre, kirre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "kirre"
          },
          "expansion": "German: kirre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: kirre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "kyrr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: kyrr, kvirr\nIcelandic: kyrr, kjur\nFaroese: kyrrur, kvirrur, kúrrur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kyrr, kjørr, kurr, kverr, kvar\nOld Swedish: qvar, qvær\nSwedish: kvar, (dialectal) kvär\nOld Danish: kwær, kwar\nDanish: kvær, kvar\nNorwegian Bokmål: kvar\n→ Middle English: querte, quarte\nEnglish: quart\nScots: quert, quart\n⇒ Scots: querty",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: kyrr, kvirr\nIcelandic: kyrr, kjur\nFaroese: kyrrur, kvirrur, kúrrur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kyrr, kjørr, kurr, kverr, kvar\nOld Swedish: qvar, qvær\nSwedish: kvar, (dialectal) kvär\nOld Danish: kwær, kwar\nDanish: kvær, kvar\nNorwegian Bokmål: kvar\n→ Middle English: querte, quarte\nEnglish: quart\nScots: quert, quart\n⇒ Scots: querty"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌿𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌿𐍃 (qairrus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌿𐍃 (qairrus)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʷerH-",
        "t": "to crumble, weaken"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to crumble, weaken”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "gur̃t",
        "t": "to become weak, slacken"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian gur̃t (“to become weak, slacken”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "gùrti",
        "t": "to crumble, weaken, subside"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian gùrti (“to crumble, weaken, subside”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷréh₂wō",
        "t": "quern, millstone"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“quern, millstone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From a Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to crumble, weaken”), and related to Latvian gur̃t (“to become weak, slacken”) and Lithuanian gùrti (“to crumble, weaken, subside”). The root *gʷerH- may be further identical to *gʷerh₂- (“heavy”), from the same semantic tree as Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“quern, millstone”), thus \"to grind with a quern\" > \"to weaken, make lax\" > \"to make still, quiet\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kwirrizô",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirristaz",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwerruz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwerrų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwerrų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwerruz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "calm; still; quiet"
      ],
      "id": "en-kwerruz-gem-pro-adj-sn3~iNJE",
      "links": [
        [
          "calm",
          "calm"
        ],
        [
          "still",
          "still"
        ],
        [
          "quiet",
          "quiet"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "possibly"
          ],
          "word": "kwernuz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkwer.ruz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kwerruz"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*kwirrī"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwirrī",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kwirrī"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*kwerri"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *kwerri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *kwerri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "quēre",
            "3": "quēr"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: quēre, quēr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: quēre, quēr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*quirri",
            "3": "*querri"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *quirri, *querri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *quirri, *querri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "kurre",
            "3": "kürre",
            "4": "kirre"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: kurre, kürre, kirre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: kurre, kürre, kirre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "kirre"
          },
          "expansion": "German: kirre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: kirre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "kyrr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: kyrr, kvirr\nIcelandic: kyrr, kjur\nFaroese: kyrrur, kvirrur, kúrrur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kyrr, kjørr, kurr, kverr, kvar\nOld Swedish: qvar, qvær\nSwedish: kvar, (dialectal) kvär\nOld Danish: kwær, kwar\nDanish: kvær, kvar\nNorwegian Bokmål: kvar\n→ Middle English: querte, quarte\nEnglish: quart\nScots: quert, quart\n⇒ Scots: querty",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: kyrr, kvirr\nIcelandic: kyrr, kjur\nFaroese: kyrrur, kvirrur, kúrrur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kyrr, kjørr, kurr, kverr, kvar\nOld Swedish: qvar, qvær\nSwedish: kvar, (dialectal) kvär\nOld Danish: kwær, kwar\nDanish: kvær, kvar\nNorwegian Bokmål: kvar\n→ Middle English: querte, quarte\nEnglish: quart\nScots: quert, quart\n⇒ Scots: querty"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌿𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌿𐍃 (qairrus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌿𐍃 (qairrus)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʷerH-",
        "t": "to crumble, weaken"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to crumble, weaken”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "gur̃t",
        "t": "to become weak, slacken"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian gur̃t (“to become weak, slacken”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "gùrti",
        "t": "to crumble, weaken, subside"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian gùrti (“to crumble, weaken, subside”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷréh₂wō",
        "t": "quern, millstone"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“quern, millstone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From a Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to crumble, weaken”), and related to Latvian gur̃t (“to become weak, slacken”) and Lithuanian gùrti (“to crumble, weaken, subside”). The root *gʷerH- may be further identical to *gʷerh₂- (“heavy”), from the same semantic tree as Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“quern, millstone”), thus \"to grind with a quern\" > \"to weaken, make lax\" > \"to make still, quiet\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kwirrizô",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirristaz",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwerruz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwerrų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwerrų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kwirrijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwerruz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "possibly"
      ],
      "word": "kwernuz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic u-stem adjectives"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "calm; still; quiet"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "calm",
          "calm"
        ],
        [
          "still",
          "still"
        ],
        [
          "quiet",
          "quiet"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkwer.ruz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kwerruz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for kwerruz meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (813e02a and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.