See kwernō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cweorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cweorn\nMiddle English: quern, querne, queerne, cwerne, quyerne, quyrne, qwerne, whern, qweryn, qwhern\nEnglish: quern, kern, curn, quirn\nScots: querne, quern, queirn, queern\nYola: querne",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cweorn\nMiddle English: quern, querne, queerne, cwerne, quyerne, quyrne, qwerne, whern, qweryn, qwhern\nEnglish: quern, kern, curn, quirn\nScots: querne, quern, queirn, queern\nYola: querne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "quern"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: quern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: quern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "quern"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: quern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: quern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "querna"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: querna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: querna; (kwern, quern)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "querne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: querne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: querne; (quern)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kwerna"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kwerna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kwerna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "querne",
"3": "queerne",
"4": "quaerne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: querne, queerne, quaerne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: querne, queerne, quaerne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kweern"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kweern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kweern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "chwirna"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: chwirna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: chwirna; (kwirn, quirn, kurn, churn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "churne",
"3": "kürne"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: churne, kürne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: churne, kürne; (kurn, kürn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kvern"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kvern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kvern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kvern",
"3": "kvörn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: kvern, kvörn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: kvern, kvörn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "kvørn"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: kvørn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: kvørn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kvern"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: kvern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: kvern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "kværn"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: kværn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: kværn, kvarn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kvarn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: kvarn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: kvarn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "kwærn"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: kwærn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: kwærn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kværn"
},
"expansion": "Danish: kværn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: kværn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "kwenn"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: kwenn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: kwenn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-jmk",
"2": "kvæðn"
},
"expansion": "Jamtish: kvæðn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jamtish: kvæðn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "kvänn"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: kvänn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: kvänn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "kværn"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: kværn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: kværn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "giertnas"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: giertnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: giertnas"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
"t": "heavy stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "girna",
"3": "",
"4": "grindstone, millstone"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian girna (“grindstone, millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жёрнов",
"3": "",
"4": "grindstone, millstone"
},
"expansion": "Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bró",
"3": "",
"4": "millstone, handmill"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *kwernuz, a rare feminine u-stem reanalysed as an ō-stem, in turn from Pre-Germanic *gʷérh₂nus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Lithuanian girna (“grindstone, millstone”), Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”), Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwernō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwernuz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"millstone"
],
"id": "en-kwernō-gem-pro-noun-E2etviUa",
"links": [
[
"millstone",
"millstone"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"handmill; quern"
],
"id": "en-kwernō-gem-pro-noun-YhnxGly~",
"links": [
[
"handmill",
"handmill"
],
[
"quern",
"quern"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʷer.nɔː/"
}
],
"word": "kwernō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cweorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cweorn\nMiddle English: quern, querne, queerne, cwerne, quyerne, quyrne, qwerne, whern, qweryn, qwhern\nEnglish: quern, kern, curn, quirn\nScots: querne, quern, queirn, queern\nYola: querne",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cweorn\nMiddle English: quern, querne, queerne, cwerne, quyerne, quyrne, qwerne, whern, qweryn, qwhern\nEnglish: quern, kern, curn, quirn\nScots: querne, quern, queirn, queern\nYola: querne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "quern"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: quern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: quern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "quern"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: quern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: quern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "querna"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: querna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: querna; (kwern, quern)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "querne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: querne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: querne; (quern)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kwerna"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kwerna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kwerna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "querne",
"3": "queerne",
"4": "quaerne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: querne, queerne, quaerne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: querne, queerne, quaerne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kweern"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kweern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kweern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "chwirna"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: chwirna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: chwirna; (kwirn, quirn, kurn, churn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "churne",
"3": "kürne"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: churne, kürne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: churne, kürne; (kurn, kürn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kvern"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kvern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kvern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kvern",
"3": "kvörn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: kvern, kvörn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: kvern, kvörn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "kvørn"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: kvørn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: kvørn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kvern"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: kvern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: kvern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "kværn"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: kværn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: kværn, kvarn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kvarn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: kvarn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: kvarn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "kwærn"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: kwærn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: kwærn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kværn"
},
"expansion": "Danish: kværn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: kværn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "kwenn"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: kwenn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: kwenn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-jmk",
"2": "kvæðn"
},
"expansion": "Jamtish: kvæðn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jamtish: kvæðn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "kvänn"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: kvänn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: kvänn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "kværn"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: kværn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: kværn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "giertnas"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: giertnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: giertnas"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
"t": "heavy stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "girna",
"3": "",
"4": "grindstone, millstone"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian girna (“grindstone, millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жёрнов",
"3": "",
"4": "grindstone, millstone"
},
"expansion": "Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bró",
"3": "",
"4": "millstone, handmill"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *kwernuz, a rare feminine u-stem reanalysed as an ō-stem, in turn from Pre-Germanic *gʷérh₂nus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Lithuanian girna (“grindstone, millstone”), Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”), Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwernō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kwernuz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"millstone"
],
"links": [
[
"millstone",
"millstone"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"handmill; quern"
],
"links": [
[
"handmill",
"handmill"
],
[
"quern",
"quern"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʷer.nɔː/"
}
],
"word": "kwernō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kwernō meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.