See kwernō on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kwernō meaning in All languages combined (8.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cweorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cweorn\nMiddle English: quern, querne, queerne, cwerne, quyerne, quyrne, qwerne, whern, qweryn, qwhern\nEnglish: quern, kern, curn, quirn\nScots: querne, quern, queirn, queern\nYola: querne",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cweorn\nMiddle English: quern, querne, queerne, cwerne, quyerne, quyrne, qwerne, whern, qweryn, qwhern\nEnglish: quern, kern, curn, quirn\nScots: querne, quern, queirn, queern\nYola: querne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "quern"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: quern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: quern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "quern"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: quern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: quern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "querna"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: querna",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kwern"
},
"expansion": "kwern",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "quern"
},
"expansion": "quern",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: querna; (kwern, quern)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "querne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: querne",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "quern"
},
"expansion": "quern",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: querne; (quern)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kwerna"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kwerna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kwerna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "querne",
"3": "queerne",
"4": "quaerne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: querne, queerne, quaerne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: querne, queerne, quaerne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kweern"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kweern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kweern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "chwirna"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: chwirna",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kwirn"
},
"expansion": "kwirn",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "quirn"
},
"expansion": "quirn",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kurn"
},
"expansion": "kurn",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "churn"
},
"expansion": "churn",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: chwirna; (kwirn, quirn, kurn, churn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "churne",
"3": "kürne"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: churne, kürne",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kurn"
},
"expansion": "kurn",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kürn"
},
"expansion": "kürn",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: churne, kürne; (kurn, kürn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kvern"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kvern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kvern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kvern",
"3": "kvörn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: kvern, kvörn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: kvern, kvörn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "kvørn"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: kvørn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: kvørn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kvern"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: kvern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: kvern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "kværn"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: kværn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "kvarn"
},
"expansion": "kvarn",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: kværn, kvarn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kvarn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: kvarn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: kvarn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "kwærn"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: kwærn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: kwærn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kværn"
},
"expansion": "Danish: kværn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: kværn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "kwenn"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: kwenn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: kwenn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-jmk",
"2": "kvæðn"
},
"expansion": "Jamtish: kvæðn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jamtish: kvæðn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "kvänn"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: kvänn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: kvänn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "kværn"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: kværn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: kværn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "giertnas"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: giertnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: giertnas"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷérh₂nus"
},
"expansion": "*gʷérh₂nus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
"t": "heavy stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷréh₂us",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "*gʷréh₂us (“heavy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "girna",
"3": "",
"4": "grindstone, millstone"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian girna (“grindstone, millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жёрнов",
"3": "",
"4": "grindstone, millstone"
},
"expansion": "Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bró",
"3": "",
"4": "millstone, handmill"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *gʷérh₂nus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Lithuanian girna (“grindstone, millstone”), Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”), Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwernō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kwernuz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"millstone"
],
"id": "en-kwernō-gem-pro-noun-E2etviUa",
"links": [
[
"millstone",
"millstone"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"handmill; quern"
],
"id": "en-kwernō-gem-pro-noun-YhnxGly~",
"links": [
[
"handmill",
"handmill"
],
[
"quern",
"quern"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʷer.nɔː/"
}
],
"word": "kwernō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cweorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cweorn\nMiddle English: quern, querne, queerne, cwerne, quyerne, quyrne, qwerne, whern, qweryn, qwhern\nEnglish: quern, kern, curn, quirn\nScots: querne, quern, queirn, queern\nYola: querne",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cweorn\nMiddle English: quern, querne, queerne, cwerne, quyerne, quyrne, qwerne, whern, qweryn, qwhern\nEnglish: quern, kern, curn, quirn\nScots: querne, quern, queirn, queern\nYola: querne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "quern"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: quern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: quern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "quern"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: quern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: quern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "querna"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: querna",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kwern"
},
"expansion": "kwern",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "quern"
},
"expansion": "quern",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: querna; (kwern, quern)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "querne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: querne",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "quern"
},
"expansion": "quern",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: querne; (quern)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kwerna"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kwerna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kwerna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "querne",
"3": "queerne",
"4": "quaerne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: querne, queerne, quaerne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: querne, queerne, quaerne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kweern"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kweern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kweern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "chwirna"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: chwirna",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kwirn"
},
"expansion": "kwirn",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "quirn"
},
"expansion": "quirn",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kurn"
},
"expansion": "kurn",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "churn"
},
"expansion": "churn",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: chwirna; (kwirn, quirn, kurn, churn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "churne",
"3": "kürne"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: churne, kürne",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kurn"
},
"expansion": "kurn",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kürn"
},
"expansion": "kürn",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: churne, kürne; (kurn, kürn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kvern"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kvern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kvern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kvern",
"3": "kvörn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: kvern, kvörn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: kvern, kvörn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "kvørn"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: kvørn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: kvørn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kvern"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: kvern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: kvern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "kværn"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: kværn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "kvarn"
},
"expansion": "kvarn",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: kværn, kvarn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kvarn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: kvarn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: kvarn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "kwærn"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: kwærn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: kwærn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kværn"
},
"expansion": "Danish: kværn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: kværn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "kwenn"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: kwenn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: kwenn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-jmk",
"2": "kvæðn"
},
"expansion": "Jamtish: kvæðn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jamtish: kvæðn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "kvänn"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: kvänn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: kvänn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "kværn"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: kværn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: kværn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "giertnas"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: giertnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: giertnas"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷreh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷérh₂nus"
},
"expansion": "*gʷérh₂nus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷréh₂wō",
"t": "heavy stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷréh₂us",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "*gʷréh₂us (“heavy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "girna",
"3": "",
"4": "grindstone, millstone"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian girna (“grindstone, millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жёрнов",
"3": "",
"4": "grindstone, millstone"
},
"expansion": "Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bró",
"3": "",
"4": "millstone, handmill"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *gʷérh₂nus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Lithuanian girna (“grindstone, millstone”), Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”), Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwernōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwernō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kwernuz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"millstone"
],
"links": [
[
"millstone",
"millstone"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"handmill; quern"
],
"links": [
[
"handmill",
"handmill"
],
[
"quern",
"quern"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʷer.nɔː/"
}
],
"word": "kwernō"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.