"kunnaną" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See kunnaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈkun.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti, from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*ǵneh₃-}}, {{etymon|gem-pro|inh|ine-pro>*ǵn̥néh₃ti>to know|id=to know}}, {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro|*ǵn̥néh₃ti}} Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-pp|kunn|kann|kunþ}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], kann [active, first-person, indicative, singular], kunnį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], - [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], kannt [active, indicative, second-person, singular], kunnīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, imperative, second-person, singular], - [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], - [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], kann [active, indicative, singular, third-person], kunnī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], - [active, imperative, singular, third-person], - [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], - [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], kunnū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], kunnīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], kunnudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], kunnīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], kunnum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], kunnīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], - [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], - [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], kunnud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], kunnīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], - [active, imperative, plural, second-person], - [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], - [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], kunnun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], kunnīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], - [active, imperative, plural, third-person], - [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], - [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], kunþǭ [active, first-person, indicative, singular], kunþēdį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], kunþēz [active, indicative, second-person, singular], kunþēdīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], kunþē [active, indicative, singular, third-person], kunþēdī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], kunþēdū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], kunþēdīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], kunþēdudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], kunþēdīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], kunþēdum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], kunþēdīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], kunþēdud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], kunþēdīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], kunþēdun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], kunþēdīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], kunnandz [active, participle, present], kunþaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. to know, to be familiar with, to recognise Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-kunnaną-gem-pro-verb-RimPEvnM Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 80 20 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 86 14 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 87 13
  2. to know how, to be able to Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-kunnaną-gem-pro-verb-HmR4nTcZ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: kannijaną, kōniz, kunþaz Related terms: knēaną

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kannijaną"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kōniz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kunþaz"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*kunnan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kunnan\nOld English: cunnan\nMiddle English: cunnen, can, canne, conne, connen, cun, cunne, kanne\nEnglish: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny\nScots: can, cun, cunning\nYola: canna, cou\nOld Frisian: kunna\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: kön\nHallig: kune\nHelgoland: kan\nMooring: koone\nSylt: ken\nSaterland Frisian: konne\nWest Frisian: kinne\nOld Saxon: kunnan\nMiddle Low German: künnen, kynnen, kunnen, konnen, können, kȫnen, konen\nLow German: könen\nPlautdietsch: kjanen\nOld Dutch: cunnan\nMiddle Dutch: connen\nDutch: kunnen\nAfrikaans: kan (from inflected form kan)\nBerbice Creole Dutch: kan (from inflected form kan)\nJavindo: ken\nNegerhollands: kan, ka (from inflected form kan)\nPetjo: kan, ken\nSkepi Creole Dutch: can (from inflected form kan)\nLimburgish: kónne\nWest Flemish: keunn\nOld High German: kunnan\nMiddle High German: kunnen, künnen\nAlemannic German: chöne, chönne (Uri)\nSwabian: kenna\nSathmar Swabian: kenne\nCentral Franconian: kenne, känne (variant spelling)\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: kènn\nUpper Saxon German: gönn\nGerman: können\nLuxembourgish: kënnen\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: kenne\nVilamovian: kenna\nYiddish: קענען (kenen)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kunnan\nOld English: cunnan\nMiddle English: cunnen, can, canne, conne, connen, cun, cunne, kanne\nEnglish: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny\nScots: can, cun, cunning\nYola: canna, cou\nOld Frisian: kunna\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: kön\nHallig: kune\nHelgoland: kan\nMooring: koone\nSylt: ken\nSaterland Frisian: konne\nWest Frisian: kinne\nOld Saxon: kunnan\nMiddle Low German: künnen, kynnen, kunnen, konnen, können, kȫnen, konen\nLow German: könen\nPlautdietsch: kjanen\nOld Dutch: cunnan\nMiddle Dutch: connen\nDutch: kunnen\nAfrikaans: kan (from inflected form kan)\nBerbice Creole Dutch: kan (from inflected form kan)\nJavindo: ken\nNegerhollands: kan, ka (from inflected form kan)\nPetjo: kan, ken\nSkepi Creole Dutch: can (from inflected form kan)\nLimburgish: kónne\nWest Flemish: keunn\nOld High German: kunnan\nMiddle High German: kunnen, künnen\nAlemannic German: chöne, chönne (Uri)\nSwabian: kenna\nSathmar Swabian: kenne\nCentral Franconian: kenne, känne (variant spelling)\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: kènn\nUpper Saxon German: gönn\nGerman: können\nLuxembourgish: kënnen\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: kenne\nVilamovian: kenna\nYiddish: קענען (kenen)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "kunna"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: kunna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: kunna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "kunna"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: kunna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: kunna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "kunna"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: kunna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: kunna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "kunne"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: kunne",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: kunne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "kunne"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: kunne",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: kunne, kunna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "kunna"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: kunna\nSwedish: kunna",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: kunna\nSwedish: kunna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-oda",
            "2": "kunnæ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Danish: kunnæ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Danish: kunnæ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "kunne"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: kunne",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: kunne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ovd",
            "2": "kunna"
          },
          "expansion": "Elfdalian: kunna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Elfdalian: kunna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-gut",
            "2": "kunne"
          },
          "expansion": "Gutnish: kunne",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gutnish: kunne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (kunnan)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (kunnan)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵneh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "ine-pro>*ǵn̥néh₃ti>to know",
        "id": "to know"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵn̥néh₃ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti, from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-pp",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kann",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kannt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kann",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kunn",
        "2": "kann",
        "3": "kunþ"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-pp"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunnaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "knēaną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "80 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "87 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to know, to be familiar with, to recognise"
      ],
      "id": "en-kunnaną-gem-pro-verb-RimPEvnM",
      "links": [
        [
          "know",
          "know"
        ],
        [
          "familiar",
          "familiar"
        ],
        [
          "recognise",
          "recognise"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to know how, to be able to"
      ],
      "id": "en-kunnaną-gem-pro-verb-HmR4nTcZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "know",
          "know"
        ],
        [
          "be able to",
          "be able to"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkun.nɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kunnaną"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic preterite-present verbs",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-",
    "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "kannijaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "kōniz"
    },
    {
      "word": "kunþaz"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*kunnan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kunnan\nOld English: cunnan\nMiddle English: cunnen, can, canne, conne, connen, cun, cunne, kanne\nEnglish: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny\nScots: can, cun, cunning\nYola: canna, cou\nOld Frisian: kunna\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: kön\nHallig: kune\nHelgoland: kan\nMooring: koone\nSylt: ken\nSaterland Frisian: konne\nWest Frisian: kinne\nOld Saxon: kunnan\nMiddle Low German: künnen, kynnen, kunnen, konnen, können, kȫnen, konen\nLow German: könen\nPlautdietsch: kjanen\nOld Dutch: cunnan\nMiddle Dutch: connen\nDutch: kunnen\nAfrikaans: kan (from inflected form kan)\nBerbice Creole Dutch: kan (from inflected form kan)\nJavindo: ken\nNegerhollands: kan, ka (from inflected form kan)\nPetjo: kan, ken\nSkepi Creole Dutch: can (from inflected form kan)\nLimburgish: kónne\nWest Flemish: keunn\nOld High German: kunnan\nMiddle High German: kunnen, künnen\nAlemannic German: chöne, chönne (Uri)\nSwabian: kenna\nSathmar Swabian: kenne\nCentral Franconian: kenne, känne (variant spelling)\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: kènn\nUpper Saxon German: gönn\nGerman: können\nLuxembourgish: kënnen\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: kenne\nVilamovian: kenna\nYiddish: קענען (kenen)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kunnan\nOld English: cunnan\nMiddle English: cunnen, can, canne, conne, connen, cun, cunne, kanne\nEnglish: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny\nScots: can, cun, cunning\nYola: canna, cou\nOld Frisian: kunna\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: kön\nHallig: kune\nHelgoland: kan\nMooring: koone\nSylt: ken\nSaterland Frisian: konne\nWest Frisian: kinne\nOld Saxon: kunnan\nMiddle Low German: künnen, kynnen, kunnen, konnen, können, kȫnen, konen\nLow German: könen\nPlautdietsch: kjanen\nOld Dutch: cunnan\nMiddle Dutch: connen\nDutch: kunnen\nAfrikaans: kan (from inflected form kan)\nBerbice Creole Dutch: kan (from inflected form kan)\nJavindo: ken\nNegerhollands: kan, ka (from inflected form kan)\nPetjo: kan, ken\nSkepi Creole Dutch: can (from inflected form kan)\nLimburgish: kónne\nWest Flemish: keunn\nOld High German: kunnan\nMiddle High German: kunnen, künnen\nAlemannic German: chöne, chönne (Uri)\nSwabian: kenna\nSathmar Swabian: kenne\nCentral Franconian: kenne, känne (variant spelling)\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: kènn\nUpper Saxon German: gönn\nGerman: können\nLuxembourgish: kënnen\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: kenne\nVilamovian: kenna\nYiddish: קענען (kenen)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "kunna"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: kunna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: kunna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "kunna"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: kunna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: kunna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "kunna"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: kunna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: kunna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "kunne"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: kunne",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: kunne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "kunne"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: kunne",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: kunne, kunna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "kunna"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: kunna\nSwedish: kunna",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: kunna\nSwedish: kunna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-oda",
            "2": "kunnæ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Danish: kunnæ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Danish: kunnæ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "kunne"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: kunne",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: kunne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ovd",
            "2": "kunna"
          },
          "expansion": "Elfdalian: kunna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Elfdalian: kunna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-gut",
            "2": "kunne"
          },
          "expansion": "Gutnish: kunne",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gutnish: kunne"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (kunnan)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (kunnan)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵneh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "ine-pro>*ǵn̥néh₃ti>to know",
        "id": "to know"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵn̥néh₃ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti, from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-pp",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kann",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kannt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kann",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunnandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kunþaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kunn",
        "2": "kann",
        "3": "kunþ"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-pp"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunnaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "knēaną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to know, to be familiar with, to recognise"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "know",
          "know"
        ],
        [
          "familiar",
          "familiar"
        ],
        [
          "recognise",
          "recognise"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to know how, to be able to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "know",
          "know"
        ],
        [
          "be able to",
          "be able to"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkun.nɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kunnaną"
}

Download raw JSONL data for kunnaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (12.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.