See kulukaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kolk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kolk, *koluk\nOld English: *colc\n>? Middle English: colk\n>? English: coke\n⇒? Middle English: colkenen (“to gasp, gulp”)\n>? Scots: cowk (“to retch, vomit”)\nOld Frisian: kolk\nSaterland Frisian: Kolk\nWest Frisian: kolk\nOld Saxon: *kolk\nMiddle Low German: kolk, kulk\nGerman Low German: Kolk\n→ Middle High German: kolc\nGerman: Kolk\n⇒ German: kolken (“to gulp”), (dialectal) kölken, kolksen (“to vomit”)\n→⇒ Danish: kulke (“to swallow, gulp”)\nOld Dutch: *kolk\nMiddle Dutch: colc, culc, colck\nDutch: kolk\n→ English: kolk\n⇒ Dutch: kolken (“to belch”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kolk, *koluk\nOld English: *colc\n>? Middle English: colk\n>? English: coke\n⇒? Middle English: colkenen (“to gasp, gulp”)\n>? Scots: cowk (“to retch, vomit”)\nOld Frisian: kolk\nSaterland Frisian: Kolk\nWest Frisian: kolk\nOld Saxon: *kolk\nMiddle Low German: kolk, kulk\nGerman Low German: Kolk\n→ Middle High German: kolc\nGerman: Kolk\n⇒ German: kolken (“to gulp”), (dialectal) kölken, kolksen (“to vomit”)\n→⇒ Danish: kulke (“to swallow, gulp”)\nOld Dutch: *kolk\nMiddle Dutch: colc, culc, colck\nDutch: kolk\n→ English: kolk\n⇒ Dutch: kolken (“to belch”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ukaz",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "+ *-ukaz (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a base derived from Proto-Indo-European *gel-, *gʷel- (“to devour; gullet”) + *-ukaz (diminutive suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*kulkaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kulukaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kelǭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kelukô"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a hollow, depression, or well"
],
"id": "en-kulukaz-gem-pro-noun-7l~xfXUL",
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"well",
"well"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ukaz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trench, gully; pit"
],
"id": "en-kulukaz-gem-pro-noun-9UUdqJfA",
"links": [
[
"trench",
"trench"
],
[
"gully",
"gully"
],
[
"pit",
"pit"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kulukaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ukaz"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kolk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kolk, *koluk\nOld English: *colc\n>? Middle English: colk\n>? English: coke\n⇒? Middle English: colkenen (“to gasp, gulp”)\n>? Scots: cowk (“to retch, vomit”)\nOld Frisian: kolk\nSaterland Frisian: Kolk\nWest Frisian: kolk\nOld Saxon: *kolk\nMiddle Low German: kolk, kulk\nGerman Low German: Kolk\n→ Middle High German: kolc\nGerman: Kolk\n⇒ German: kolken (“to gulp”), (dialectal) kölken, kolksen (“to vomit”)\n→⇒ Danish: kulke (“to swallow, gulp”)\nOld Dutch: *kolk\nMiddle Dutch: colc, culc, colck\nDutch: kolk\n→ English: kolk\n⇒ Dutch: kolken (“to belch”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kolk, *koluk\nOld English: *colc\n>? Middle English: colk\n>? English: coke\n⇒? Middle English: colkenen (“to gasp, gulp”)\n>? Scots: cowk (“to retch, vomit”)\nOld Frisian: kolk\nSaterland Frisian: Kolk\nWest Frisian: kolk\nOld Saxon: *kolk\nMiddle Low German: kolk, kulk\nGerman Low German: Kolk\n→ Middle High German: kolc\nGerman: Kolk\n⇒ German: kolken (“to gulp”), (dialectal) kölken, kolksen (“to vomit”)\n→⇒ Danish: kulke (“to swallow, gulp”)\nOld Dutch: *kolk\nMiddle Dutch: colc, culc, colck\nDutch: kolk\n→ English: kolk\n⇒ Dutch: kolken (“to belch”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ukaz",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "+ *-ukaz (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a base derived from Proto-Indo-European *gel-, *gʷel- (“to devour; gullet”) + *-ukaz (diminutive suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulukamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*kulkaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kulukaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kelǭ"
},
{
"word": "kelukô"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a hollow, depression, or well"
],
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"well",
"well"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"trench, gully; pit"
],
"links": [
[
"trench",
"trench"
],
[
"gully",
"gully"
],
[
"pit",
"pit"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kulukaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kulukaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.