"knukōną" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See knukōną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈknu.kɔː.nɑ̃/
Etymology: From *knukô (“bone”) + *-ōną, perhaps reinforced by sound-symbolism. Etymology templates: {{suffix|gem-pro|*knukô|*-ōną|id2=denominative|t1=bone}} *knukô (“bone”) + *-ōną Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-wk2|knuk}} Forms: weak [table-tags], knukō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], knukǭ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], knukōi [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], knukōsi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], knukōs [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], knukō [active, imperative, second-person, singular], knukōsai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], knukōsau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], knukōþi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], knukō [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], knukōþau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], knukōþai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], knukōþau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], knukōs [active, dual, first-person, indicative], knukōw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], knukōþiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], knukōþiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], knukōþiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], knukōmaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], knukōm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], knukōnþai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], knukōnþau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], knukōþ [active, indicative, plural, second-person], knukōþ [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], knukōþ [active, imperative, plural, second-person], knukōnþai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], knukōnþau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], knukōnþi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], knukōn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], knukōnþau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], knukōnþai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], knukōnþau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], knukōdǭ [active, first-person, indicative, singular], knukōdēdį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], knukōdēz [active, indicative, second-person, singular], knukōdēdīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], knukōdē [active, indicative, singular, third-person], knukōdēdī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], knukōdēdū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], knukōdēdīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], knukōdēdudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], knukōdēdīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], knukōdēdum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], knukōdēdīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], knukōdēdud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], knukōdēdīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], knukōdēdun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], knukōdēdīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], knukōndz [active, participle, present], knukōdaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. To pound on; beat on; knock Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Related terms: kniujaną, kneukaz, knukilaz, knukô

Download JSONL data for knukōną meaning in Proto-Germanic (9.6kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*knokōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *knokōn\nOld English: cnucian, cnocian\nMiddle English: knokken, cnoken, knocke, knok, knoke, knokke, knokkyn\nEnglish: knock\n→ Dutch: knokken; nokken\nScots: knock, tnock, knack\nYola: knockt (preterite)\nOld Saxon: *knokōn\nMiddle Low German: *knoken\n⇒ Middle Low German: ûtknoken, ûtknōken\nOld High German: *knohhōn, *knochōn\nMiddle High German: knochen",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *knokōn\nOld English: cnucian, cnocian\nMiddle English: knokken, cnoken, knocke, knok, knoke, knokke, knokkyn\nEnglish: knock\n→ Dutch: knokken; nokken\nScots: knock, tnock, knack\nYola: knockt (preterite)\nOld Saxon: *knokōn\nMiddle Low German: *knoken\n⇒ Middle Low German: ûtknoken, ûtknōken\nOld High German: *knohhōn, *knochōn\nMiddle High German: knochen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "knoka"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: knoka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: knoka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "knoka"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: knoka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: knoka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "knuge"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: knuge",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: knuge"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "knocka"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: knocka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: knocka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "knuge"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: knuge",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: knuge"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "*cnagaid",
            "bor": "1",
            "qq": "via Old English and/or Old Norse"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle Irish: *cnagaid (via Old English and/or Old Norse)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle Irish: *cnagaid (via Old English and/or Old Norse)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "cnag"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: cnag",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: cnag"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "cnag"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cnag",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: cnag"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*knukô",
        "3": "*-ōną",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "bone"
      },
      "expansion": "*knukô (“bone”) + *-ōną",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *knukô (“bone”) + *-ōną, perhaps reinforced by sound-symbolism.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōsai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōsau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōndz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "knuk"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knukōną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōną (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To pound on; beat on; knock"
      ],
      "id": "en-knukōną-gem-pro-verb-RKWEMcty",
      "links": [
        [
          "pound",
          "pound"
        ],
        [
          "beat",
          "beat"
        ],
        [
          "knock",
          "knock"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "kniujaną"
        },
        {
          "word": "kneukaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "knukilaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "knukô"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈknu.kɔː.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "knukōną"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*knokōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *knokōn\nOld English: cnucian, cnocian\nMiddle English: knokken, cnoken, knocke, knok, knoke, knokke, knokkyn\nEnglish: knock\n→ Dutch: knokken; nokken\nScots: knock, tnock, knack\nYola: knockt (preterite)\nOld Saxon: *knokōn\nMiddle Low German: *knoken\n⇒ Middle Low German: ûtknoken, ûtknōken\nOld High German: *knohhōn, *knochōn\nMiddle High German: knochen",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *knokōn\nOld English: cnucian, cnocian\nMiddle English: knokken, cnoken, knocke, knok, knoke, knokke, knokkyn\nEnglish: knock\n→ Dutch: knokken; nokken\nScots: knock, tnock, knack\nYola: knockt (preterite)\nOld Saxon: *knokōn\nMiddle Low German: *knoken\n⇒ Middle Low German: ûtknoken, ûtknōken\nOld High German: *knohhōn, *knochōn\nMiddle High German: knochen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "knoka"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: knoka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: knoka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "knoka"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: knoka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: knoka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "knuge"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: knuge",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: knuge"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "knocka"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: knocka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: knocka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "knuge"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: knuge",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: knuge"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "*cnagaid",
            "bor": "1",
            "qq": "via Old English and/or Old Norse"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle Irish: *cnagaid (via Old English and/or Old Norse)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle Irish: *cnagaid (via Old English and/or Old Norse)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "cnag"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: cnag",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: cnag"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "cnag"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cnag",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: cnag"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*knukô",
        "3": "*-ōną",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "bone"
      },
      "expansion": "*knukô (“bone”) + *-ōną",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *knukô (“bone”) + *-ōną, perhaps reinforced by sound-symbolism.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōsai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōsau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōndz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knukōdaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "knuk"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knukōną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "kniujaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "kneukaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "knukilaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "knukô"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōną (denominative)",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Proto-Germanic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To pound on; beat on; knock"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pound",
          "pound"
        ],
        [
          "beat",
          "beat"
        ],
        [
          "knock",
          "knock"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈknu.kɔː.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "knukōną"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (e79c026 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.