See knukô in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*knokō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *knokō, *knokā f (Elbe Germanic)\nOld Frisian: *knuko, *knoko\nNorth Frisian: knook, knooke, knaake, knååke\nSaterland Frisian: Knoke\nOld Saxon: *knuko\nMiddle Low German: *knocke\nLow German: Knaak, Knaken\nPlautdietsch: Knoaken\n→ Norwegian: knoke\nOld Dutch: *knuko\nMiddle Dutch: cnoke\nDutch: knook\nAfrikaans: knok\nOld High German: knohha\nMiddle High German: knoche\nAlemannic German: Chnoche\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Knoche\nKölsch: Knoche\nLuxembourgish: Knachen\nGerman: Knochen\n→ Emilian: gnôc, gnòc\n→ Italian: nocca\n→ Venetan: gnoco\n→ Italian: gnocco",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *knokō, *knokā f (Elbe Germanic)\nOld Frisian: *knuko, *knoko\nNorth Frisian: knook, knooke, knaake, knååke\nSaterland Frisian: Knoke\nOld Saxon: *knuko\nMiddle Low German: *knocke\nLow German: Knaak, Knaken\nPlautdietsch: Knoaken\n→ Norwegian: knoke\nOld Dutch: *knuko\nMiddle Dutch: cnoke\nDutch: knook\nAfrikaans: knok\nOld High German: knohha\nMiddle High German: knoche\nAlemannic German: Chnoche\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Knoche\nKölsch: Knoche\nLuxembourgish: Knachen\nGerman: Knochen\n→ Emilian: gnôc, gnòc\n→ Italian: nocca\n→ Venetan: gnoco\n→ Italian: gnocco"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "knúi",
"t": "knuckle"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: knúi (“knuckle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: knúi (“knuckle”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kjúka"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: kjúka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Icelandic: kjúka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "knōe",
"3": "knōghe"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: knōe, knōghe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: knōe, knōghe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "knoge"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: knoge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: knoge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kno"
},
"expansion": "Danish: kno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: kno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "knoke",
"3": "knoka",
"4": "knokå"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: knoke, knoka, knokå",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: knoke, knoka, knokå"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵnu-gon-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵnu-gon-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gniáužti",
"t": "to close one's hand"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gniáužti (“to close one's hand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gnew-",
"4": "",
"5": "a bundle; knot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gnew- (“a bundle; knot”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-kô"
},
"expansion": "*-kô",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κονδός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κονδός (kondós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόνδυλος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόνδυλος (kóndulos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कन्द"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कन्द (kanda)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gnocco"
},
"expansion": "Italian gnocco",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵnu-gon-, itself potentially related to *ǵónu (“knee”). The nature of the relation of the root to Lithuanian gniáužti (“to close one's hand”) is unclear.\nOlder theories derived the root from Proto-Indo-European *gnew- (“a bundle; knot”), extended from the root *gen- (“to pinch; clench; ball up”), with the suffix *-kô used in some names of body parts, and compared with Ancient Greek κονδός (kondós), Ancient Greek κόνδυλος (kóndulos), Sanskrit कन्द (kanda).\nIn any case, compare Italian gnocco.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "knukô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knukaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knukô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knukaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knukanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knukanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knukiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knukanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knukini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knukammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knukinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knukammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knukô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-kô",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "knuckle, knot, bump",
"word": "knukilaz"
},
{
"english": "to knock, strike",
"word": "knukōną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"joint, bone"
],
"id": "en-knukô-gem-pro-noun-veIuMras",
"links": [
[
"joint",
"joint"
],
[
"bone",
"bone"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈknu.kɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "knukô"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "knuckle, knot, bump",
"word": "knukilaz"
},
{
"english": "to knock, strike",
"word": "knukōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*knokō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *knokō, *knokā f (Elbe Germanic)\nOld Frisian: *knuko, *knoko\nNorth Frisian: knook, knooke, knaake, knååke\nSaterland Frisian: Knoke\nOld Saxon: *knuko\nMiddle Low German: *knocke\nLow German: Knaak, Knaken\nPlautdietsch: Knoaken\n→ Norwegian: knoke\nOld Dutch: *knuko\nMiddle Dutch: cnoke\nDutch: knook\nAfrikaans: knok\nOld High German: knohha\nMiddle High German: knoche\nAlemannic German: Chnoche\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Knoche\nKölsch: Knoche\nLuxembourgish: Knachen\nGerman: Knochen\n→ Emilian: gnôc, gnòc\n→ Italian: nocca\n→ Venetan: gnoco\n→ Italian: gnocco",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *knokō, *knokā f (Elbe Germanic)\nOld Frisian: *knuko, *knoko\nNorth Frisian: knook, knooke, knaake, knååke\nSaterland Frisian: Knoke\nOld Saxon: *knuko\nMiddle Low German: *knocke\nLow German: Knaak, Knaken\nPlautdietsch: Knoaken\n→ Norwegian: knoke\nOld Dutch: *knuko\nMiddle Dutch: cnoke\nDutch: knook\nAfrikaans: knok\nOld High German: knohha\nMiddle High German: knoche\nAlemannic German: Chnoche\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Knoche\nKölsch: Knoche\nLuxembourgish: Knachen\nGerman: Knochen\n→ Emilian: gnôc, gnòc\n→ Italian: nocca\n→ Venetan: gnoco\n→ Italian: gnocco"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "knúi",
"t": "knuckle"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: knúi (“knuckle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: knúi (“knuckle”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kjúka"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: kjúka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Icelandic: kjúka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "knōe",
"3": "knōghe"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: knōe, knōghe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: knōe, knōghe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "knoge"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: knoge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: knoge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kno"
},
"expansion": "Danish: kno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: kno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "knoke",
"3": "knoka",
"4": "knokå"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: knoke, knoka, knokå",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: knoke, knoka, knokå"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵnu-gon-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵnu-gon-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gniáužti",
"t": "to close one's hand"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gniáužti (“to close one's hand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gnew-",
"4": "",
"5": "a bundle; knot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gnew- (“a bundle; knot”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-kô"
},
"expansion": "*-kô",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κονδός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κονδός (kondós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόνδυλος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόνδυλος (kóndulos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कन्द"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कन्द (kanda)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gnocco"
},
"expansion": "Italian gnocco",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵnu-gon-, itself potentially related to *ǵónu (“knee”). The nature of the relation of the root to Lithuanian gniáužti (“to close one's hand”) is unclear.\nOlder theories derived the root from Proto-Indo-European *gnew- (“a bundle; knot”), extended from the root *gen- (“to pinch; clench; ball up”), with the suffix *-kô used in some names of body parts, and compared with Ancient Greek κονδός (kondós), Ancient Greek κόνδυλος (kóndulos), Sanskrit कन्द (kanda).\nIn any case, compare Italian gnocco.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "knukô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knukaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knukô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knukaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knukanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knukanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knukiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knukanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knukini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knukammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knukinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knukammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knukô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-kô",
"gem-pro:Bones"
],
"glosses": [
"joint, bone"
],
"links": [
[
"joint",
"joint"
],
[
"bone",
"bone"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈknu.kɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "knukô"
}
Download raw JSONL data for knukô meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.