"klūtaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See klūtaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈkluː.tɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *glewdos, from *gel- (“to ball up; amass; clench”). Compare Old Armenian կեղտ (kełt, “dirt”). Etymology templates: {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro|*glewdos}} Proto-Indo-European *glewdos, {{cog|xcl|կեղտ||dirt}} Old Armenian կեղտ (kełt, “dirt”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], klūtaz [nominative, singular], klūtōz [nominative, plural], klūtōs [nominative, plural], klūt [singular, vocative], klūtōz [plural, vocative], klūtōs [plural, vocative], klūtą [accusative, singular], klūtanz [accusative, plural], klūtas [genitive, singular], klūtis [genitive, singular], klūtǫ̂ [genitive, plural], klūtai [dative, singular], klūtamaz [dative, plural], klūtō [instrumental, singular], klūtamiz [instrumental, plural]
  1. lump, clod Tags: masculine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-klūtaz-gem-pro-noun-3FrCYHaT
  2. boulder, rock Tags: masculine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-klūtaz-gem-pro-noun-N3of31K- Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 40 54 6
  3. hill Tags: masculine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-klūtaz-gem-pro-noun-93~Lsh3e
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: klautaz

Download JSONL data for klūtaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.4kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*klūt"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *klūt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *klūt"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "clūt"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: clūt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: clūt; clūd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "clout",
            "3": "clowt"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: clout, clowt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: clout, clowt; cloud, cloude, clud, clude"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "clout"
          },
          "expansion": "English: clout",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: clout; cloud"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "clout",
            "3": "cloot"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: clout, cloot",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: clout, cloot; clood, clud"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*klūt"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *klūt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *klūt"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "klût",
            "g": "m"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: klût m",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: klût m; klûte m"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "Kluut",
            "3": "Kluute"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: Kluut, Kluute",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: Kluut, Kluute"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*klūta"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *klūta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *klūta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "klute",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: klute f",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: klute f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kluit"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: kluit",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: kluit"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "klútr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: klútr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: klútr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "klútur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: klútur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: klútur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "klut"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: klut",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: klut"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "klut"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: klut",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: klut"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "klut"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: klut",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: klut"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*glewdos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *glewdos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "կեղտ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dirt"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian կեղտ (kełt, “dirt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *glewdos, from *gel- (“to ball up; amass; clench”). Compare Old Armenian կեղտ (kełt, “dirt”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtamiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klūtaz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "klautaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lump, clod"
      ],
      "id": "en-klūtaz-gem-pro-noun-3FrCYHaT",
      "links": [
        [
          "lump",
          "lump"
        ],
        [
          "clod",
          "clod"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 54 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "boulder, rock"
      ],
      "id": "en-klūtaz-gem-pro-noun-N3of31K-",
      "links": [
        [
          "boulder",
          "boulder"
        ],
        [
          "rock",
          "rock"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hill"
      ],
      "id": "en-klūtaz-gem-pro-noun-93~Lsh3e",
      "links": [
        [
          "hill",
          "hill"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkluː.tɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "klūtaz"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*klūt"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *klūt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *klūt"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "clūt"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: clūt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: clūt; clūd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "clout",
            "3": "clowt"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: clout, clowt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: clout, clowt; cloud, cloude, clud, clude"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "clout"
          },
          "expansion": "English: clout",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: clout; cloud"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "clout",
            "3": "cloot"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: clout, cloot",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: clout, cloot; clood, clud"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*klūt"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *klūt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *klūt"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "klût",
            "g": "m"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: klût m",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: klût m; klûte m"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "Kluut",
            "3": "Kluute"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: Kluut, Kluute",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: Kluut, Kluute"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*klūta"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *klūta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *klūta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "klute",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: klute f",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: klute f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kluit"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: kluit",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: kluit"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "klútr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: klútr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: klútr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "klútur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: klútur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: klútur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "klut"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: klut",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: klut"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "klut"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: klut",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: klut"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "klut"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: klut",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: klut"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*glewdos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *glewdos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "կեղտ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dirt"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian կեղտ (kełt, “dirt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *glewdos, from *gel- (“to ball up; amass; clench”). Compare Old Armenian կեղտ (kełt, “dirt”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "klūtamiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klūtaz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "klautaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lump, clod"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lump",
          "lump"
        ],
        [
          "clod",
          "clod"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "boulder, rock"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "boulder",
          "boulder"
        ],
        [
          "rock",
          "rock"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hill"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hill",
          "hill"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkluː.tɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "klūtaz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.