See karmiz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*karmi",
"3": "*karm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *karmi, *karm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *karmi, *karm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cierm",
"alt": "ċierm"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ċierm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ċierm (< *karmiz); ċearm (< *karmaz)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chirm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: chirm, chirme\nEnglish: chirm, churm; charm, jarm\nScots: chirm, churme",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: chirm, chirme\nEnglish: chirm, churm; charm, jarm\nScots: chirm, churme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*zerm",
"3": "*kerm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *zerm, *kerm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *zerm, *kerm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "tsjirmje",
"3": "tjirmje",
"4": "kjirmje",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ West Frisian: tsjirmje, tjirmje, kjirmje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ West Frisian: tsjirmje, tjirmje, kjirmje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "karm",
"3": "*kerm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: karm, *kerm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: karm, *kerm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "karmen",
"3": "kermen",
"der": "1",
"t2": "to wail, whine, whimper, lament, sigh, moan"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: karmen, kermen (“to wail, whine, whimper, lament, sigh, moan”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: karmen, kermen (“to wail, whine, whimper, lament, sigh, moan”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "karminge",
"der": "1",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: karminge f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: karminge f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*karm",
"3": "*kerm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *karm, *kerm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *karm, *kerm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "kerme",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: kerme f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: kerme f"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "carmen",
"3": "caermen",
"4": "kermen",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: carmen, caermen, kermen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: carmen, caermen, kermen"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kermen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kermen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kermen"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kerm"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kerm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kerm"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gecarm",
"3": "gecarem",
"4": "gekerm",
"der": "1",
"g3": "n"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: gecarm, gecarem, gekerm n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: gecarm, gecarem, gekerm n"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gekerm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: gekerm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: gekerm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*charm",
"3": "*karm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *charm, *karm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *charm, *karm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "karmen",
"der": "1",
"t": "to mourn, grieve, lament"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle High German: karmen (“to mourn, grieve, lament”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle High German: karmen (“to mourn, grieve, lament”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "karmen"
},
"expansion": "German: karmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: karmen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵh₂r-smn̥",
"t": "call, cry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-smn̥ (“call, cry”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gairm",
"t": "call, shout"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish gairm (“call, shout”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-smn̥ (“call, cry”), from *ǵeh₂r- (“to call”). Cognate with Old Irish gairm (“call, shout”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "karmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karmīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karmi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "karmīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "karmį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karminz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karmīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karmī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karmimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karmī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karmimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/karmiz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cry; call; shout; lament"
],
"id": "en-karmiz-gem-pro-noun-mFHPxRDW",
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"lament",
"lament"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) cry; call; shout; lament"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"noise; sound; alarm"
],
"id": "en-karmiz-gem-pro-noun-d3-DYUxB",
"links": [
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"alarm",
"alarm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) noise; sound; alarm"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑr.miz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "karmaz"
}
],
"word": "karmiz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*karmi",
"3": "*karm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *karmi, *karm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *karmi, *karm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cierm",
"alt": "ċierm"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ċierm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ċierm (< *karmiz); ċearm (< *karmaz)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chirm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: chirm, chirme\nEnglish: chirm, churm; charm, jarm\nScots: chirm, churme",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: chirm, chirme\nEnglish: chirm, churm; charm, jarm\nScots: chirm, churme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*zerm",
"3": "*kerm"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *zerm, *kerm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *zerm, *kerm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "tsjirmje",
"3": "tjirmje",
"4": "kjirmje",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ West Frisian: tsjirmje, tjirmje, kjirmje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ West Frisian: tsjirmje, tjirmje, kjirmje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "karm",
"3": "*kerm"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: karm, *kerm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: karm, *kerm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "karmen",
"3": "kermen",
"der": "1",
"t2": "to wail, whine, whimper, lament, sigh, moan"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: karmen, kermen (“to wail, whine, whimper, lament, sigh, moan”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: karmen, kermen (“to wail, whine, whimper, lament, sigh, moan”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "karminge",
"der": "1",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: karminge f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: karminge f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*karm",
"3": "*kerm"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *karm, *kerm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *karm, *kerm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "kerme",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: kerme f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: kerme f"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "carmen",
"3": "caermen",
"4": "kermen",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: carmen, caermen, kermen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: carmen, caermen, kermen"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kermen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kermen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kermen"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kerm"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kerm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kerm"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gecarm",
"3": "gecarem",
"4": "gekerm",
"der": "1",
"g3": "n"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: gecarm, gecarem, gekerm n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: gecarm, gecarem, gekerm n"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gekerm"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: gekerm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: gekerm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*charm",
"3": "*karm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *charm, *karm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *charm, *karm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "karmen",
"der": "1",
"t": "to mourn, grieve, lament"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle High German: karmen (“to mourn, grieve, lament”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle High German: karmen (“to mourn, grieve, lament”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "karmen"
},
"expansion": "German: karmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: karmen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵh₂r-smn̥",
"t": "call, cry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-smn̥ (“call, cry”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gairm",
"t": "call, shout"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish gairm (“call, shout”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-smn̥ (“call, cry”), from *ǵeh₂r- (“to call”). Cognate with Old Irish gairm (“call, shout”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "karmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karmīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karmi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "karmīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "karmį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karminz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karmīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karmijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karmī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karmimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karmī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karmimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/karmiz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"West Proto-Germanic",
"gem-pro:Vocalizations"
],
"glosses": [
"cry; call; shout; lament"
],
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"lament",
"lament"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) cry; call; shout; lament"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"West Proto-Germanic",
"gem-pro:Sounds"
],
"glosses": [
"noise; sound; alarm"
],
"links": [
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"alarm",
"alarm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) noise; sound; alarm"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑr.miz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "karmaz"
}
],
"word": "karmiz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for karmiz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.