See hugiz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hugi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hugi\nOld English: hyġe, hiġe\nMiddle English: hige, huȝe, huiȝe, hiȝe, huie, hiȝ, hie\nOld Frisian: hei\nNorth Frisian: huwggje\nOld Saxon: hugi\nMiddle Low German: hoge, höge\nLow German: Höög\nOld Dutch: *hugi\nMiddle Dutch: hōge, huege\nDutch: heug\n→ West Frisian: heuch\nOld High German: *hugi\nMiddle High German: huge, hoge, hüge",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hugi\nOld English: hyġe, hiġe\nMiddle English: hige, huȝe, huiȝe, hiȝe, huie, hiȝ, hie\nOld Frisian: hei\nNorth Frisian: huwggje\nOld Saxon: hugi\nMiddle Low German: hoge, höge\nLow German: Höög\nOld Dutch: *hugi\nMiddle Dutch: hōge, huege\nDutch: heug\n→ West Frisian: heuch\nOld High German: *hugi\nMiddle High German: huge, hoge, hüge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hugr\nIcelandic: hugur\nFaroese: hugur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hug\nOld Swedish: hugher, hogher\nSwedish: hug c, håg c\nOld Danish: hugh\nDanish: hu c, (dialectal) hov c",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hugr\nIcelandic: hugur\nFaroese: hugur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hug\nOld Swedish: hugher, hogher\nSwedish: hug c, håg c\nOld Danish: hugh\nDanish: hu c, (dialectal) hov c"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌿𐌲𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌲𐍃 (hugs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌲𐍃 (hugs)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱk-í-s ~ *ḱk-éy-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱk-í-s ~ *ḱk-éy-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hagaz",
"t": "skilled, abled"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hagaz (“skilled, abled”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cécht",
"t": "might"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cécht (“might”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शकत्",
"t": "to be able",
"tr": "śákat"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शकत् (śákat, “to be able”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬯𐬁𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬌",
"t": "to learn, understand"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬌 (sācaiiaṇti, “to learn, understand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬯𐬀𐬱𐬐𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀",
"t": "the best understanding"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬱𐬐𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (saškuštəma, “the best understanding”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷeḱ-",
"t": "to see, look"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ- (“to see, look”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱewk-",
"t": "flare up, glow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“flare up, glow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शुच्यति",
"t": "to glow, shine; to hurt",
"tr": "śúcyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शुच्यति (śúcyati, “to glow, shine; to hurt”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱk-í-s ~ *ḱk-éy-s, from *ḱek- (“to be able, capable”), whence Proto-Germanic *hagaz (“skilled, abled”), Old Irish cécht (“might”), Sanskrit शकत् (śákat, “to be able”), Younger Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬌 (sācaiiaṇti, “to learn, understand”), Younger Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬱𐬐𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (saškuštəma, “the best understanding”).\nAlternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ- (“to see, look”), or perhaps Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“flare up, glow”), whence Sanskrit शुच्यति (śúcyati, “to glow, shine; to hurt”) (though the semantics for the latter suggestion are more tenuous).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hugiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hugīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hugi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hugīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hugį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "huginz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hugīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hugijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hugimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hugimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hugiz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*hugdiz",
"word": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gahugdiz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mind, thought, sense, understanding"
],
"id": "en-hugiz-gem-pro-noun-MX3BH26y",
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind"
],
[
"thought",
"thought"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
],
[
"understanding",
"understanding"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "haganą"
},
{
"word": "hagaz"
},
{
"word": "hagōną"
},
{
"word": "hahtuz"
},
{
"word": "huguz"
},
{
"word": "hugjaną"
},
{
"word": "hugōną"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: hugi; Icelandic",
"word": "hugi"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: hugi",
"tags": [
"Faroese"
],
"word": "hugi"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxu.ɣiz/"
}
],
"word": "hugiz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*hugdiz",
"word": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gahugdiz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hugi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hugi\nOld English: hyġe, hiġe\nMiddle English: hige, huȝe, huiȝe, hiȝe, huie, hiȝ, hie\nOld Frisian: hei\nNorth Frisian: huwggje\nOld Saxon: hugi\nMiddle Low German: hoge, höge\nLow German: Höög\nOld Dutch: *hugi\nMiddle Dutch: hōge, huege\nDutch: heug\n→ West Frisian: heuch\nOld High German: *hugi\nMiddle High German: huge, hoge, hüge",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hugi\nOld English: hyġe, hiġe\nMiddle English: hige, huȝe, huiȝe, hiȝe, huie, hiȝ, hie\nOld Frisian: hei\nNorth Frisian: huwggje\nOld Saxon: hugi\nMiddle Low German: hoge, höge\nLow German: Höög\nOld Dutch: *hugi\nMiddle Dutch: hōge, huege\nDutch: heug\n→ West Frisian: heuch\nOld High German: *hugi\nMiddle High German: huge, hoge, hüge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hugr\nIcelandic: hugur\nFaroese: hugur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hug\nOld Swedish: hugher, hogher\nSwedish: hug c, håg c\nOld Danish: hugh\nDanish: hu c, (dialectal) hov c",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hugr\nIcelandic: hugur\nFaroese: hugur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hug\nOld Swedish: hugher, hogher\nSwedish: hug c, håg c\nOld Danish: hugh\nDanish: hu c, (dialectal) hov c"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌿𐌲𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌲𐍃 (hugs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌲𐍃 (hugs)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱk-í-s ~ *ḱk-éy-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱk-í-s ~ *ḱk-éy-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hagaz",
"t": "skilled, abled"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hagaz (“skilled, abled”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cécht",
"t": "might"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cécht (“might”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शकत्",
"t": "to be able",
"tr": "śákat"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शकत् (śákat, “to be able”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬯𐬁𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬌",
"t": "to learn, understand"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬌 (sācaiiaṇti, “to learn, understand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬯𐬀𐬱𐬐𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀",
"t": "the best understanding"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬱𐬐𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (saškuštəma, “the best understanding”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷeḱ-",
"t": "to see, look"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ- (“to see, look”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱewk-",
"t": "flare up, glow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“flare up, glow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शुच्यति",
"t": "to glow, shine; to hurt",
"tr": "śúcyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शुच्यति (śúcyati, “to glow, shine; to hurt”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱk-í-s ~ *ḱk-éy-s, from *ḱek- (“to be able, capable”), whence Proto-Germanic *hagaz (“skilled, abled”), Old Irish cécht (“might”), Sanskrit शकत् (śákat, “to be able”), Younger Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬌 (sācaiiaṇti, “to learn, understand”), Younger Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬱𐬐𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (saškuštəma, “the best understanding”).\nAlternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ- (“to see, look”), or perhaps Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“flare up, glow”), whence Sanskrit शुच्यति (śúcyati, “to glow, shine; to hurt”) (though the semantics for the latter suggestion are more tenuous).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hugiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hugīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hugi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hugīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hugį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "huginz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hugīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hugijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hugimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hugimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hugiz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "haganą"
},
{
"word": "hagaz"
},
{
"word": "hagōną"
},
{
"word": "hahtuz"
},
{
"word": "huguz"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: hugi; Icelandic",
"word": "hugi"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: hugi",
"tags": [
"Faroese"
],
"word": "hugi"
},
{
"word": "hugjaną"
},
{
"word": "hugōną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"mind, thought, sense, understanding"
],
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind"
],
[
"thought",
"thought"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
],
[
"understanding",
"understanding"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxu.ɣiz/"
}
],
"word": "hugiz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hugiz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.