See hramō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hramjaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hramu",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hramu\nOld Frisian: *hrame, *hrama\nSaterland Frisian: Roome\nWest Frisian: raam\n⇒ Old Frisian: hramkorf, raemkorf (“basket-shaped fishing net”) (raemkorf perhaps influenced by Middle Dutch raem)\nOld Saxon: hrama, rama f\nMiddle Low German: rāme, rām, rāmen m\nGerman Low German: Raam, Rahm, Räm n, Rahmen, Rame, Ramen m\nPlautdietsch: Rämen m\n→ Danish: ramme\n→ Estonian: raam\n→ Faroese: ramma\n→ Icelandic: ramma\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: ramme\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: ramme\n→ Old Swedish: rama\nSwedish: ram\n→ Scanian: ramme\nOld Dutch: *rama\nMiddle Dutch: rāme, raem, raam m or f\nDutch: raam, ramen\n→ Old French: raime\nMiddle French: ranme\nFrench: rame\n⇒ Middle Dutch: geraemte, geremte\nDutch: geraamte\nAfrikaans: geraamte\n→ West Frisian: ramt, raamt\n→ German: Geraamte, Geraamt (dialectal)\nLimburgish: geraems, jerems\nOld High German: rama\n> Middle High German: rame, ram (inherited)\nAlemannic German: Ramme\nGerman: Rahmen m\n→ Czech: rám\n→ Romanian: ramă\n→ Russian: рама (rama)\nLuxembourgish: Rumm\nVilamovian: raom\n→ Old Polish: rama\nPolish: rama\n→ Belarusian: ра́ма (ráma)\n→ Kashubian: rama\n→ Russian: ра́ма (ráma)\n→ Azerbaijani: rama\n→ Ingush: рама (rama)\n→ Yakut: араама (araama)\n→ Ukrainian: ра́ма (ráma)\nSilesian: rama, rōma\n>? Vulgar Latin: *frama\nOld French: frame\n→? Middle English: frame\nEnglish: frame\n⇒ Middle English: framen (“to frame (a building)”)\nEnglish: frame",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hramu\nOld Frisian: *hrame, *hrama\nSaterland Frisian: Roome\nWest Frisian: raam\n⇒ Old Frisian: hramkorf, raemkorf (“basket-shaped fishing net”) (raemkorf perhaps influenced by Middle Dutch raem)\nOld Saxon: hrama, rama f\nMiddle Low German: rāme, rām, rāmen m\nGerman Low German: Raam, Rahm, Räm n, Rahmen, Rame, Ramen m\nPlautdietsch: Rämen m\n→ Danish: ramme\n→ Estonian: raam\n→ Faroese: ramma\n→ Icelandic: ramma\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: ramme\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: ramme\n→ Old Swedish: rama\nSwedish: ram\n→ Scanian: ramme\nOld Dutch: *rama\nMiddle Dutch: rāme, raem, raam m or f\nDutch: raam, ramen\n→ Old French: raime\nMiddle French: ranme\nFrench: rame\n⇒ Middle Dutch: geraemte, geremte\nDutch: geraamte\nAfrikaans: geraamte\n→ West Frisian: ramt, raamt\n→ German: Geraamte, Geraamt (dialectal)\nLimburgish: geraems, jerems\nOld High German: rama\n> Middle High German: rame, ram (inherited)\nAlemannic German: Ramme\nGerman: Rahmen m\n→ Czech: rám\n→ Romanian: ramă\n→ Russian: рама (rama)\nLuxembourgish: Rumm\nVilamovian: raom\n→ Old Polish: rama\nPolish: rama\n→ Belarusian: ра́ма (ráma)\n→ Kashubian: rama\n→ Russian: ра́ма (ráma)\n→ Azerbaijani: rama\n→ Ingush: рама (rama)\n→ Yakut: араама (araama)\n→ Ukrainian: ра́ма (ráma)\nSilesian: rama, rōma\n>? Vulgar Latin: *frama\nOld French: frame\n→? Middle English: frame\nEnglish: frame\n⇒ Middle English: framen (“to frame (a building)”)\nEnglish: frame"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)krem-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krem-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*krōmà",
"t": "edge, boundary; slice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *krōmà (“edge, boundary; slice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱremh₂-",
"t": "to hang"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱremh₂- (“to hang”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρεμάννῡμῐ",
"t": "to hang up"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρεμάννῡμῐ (kremánnūmi, “to hang up”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krem-, which appears to be a derivative of *(s)ker- (“to cut”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *krōmà (“edge, boundary; slice”). An alternative theory links the root to Proto-Indo-European *ḱremh₂- (“to hang”), whence Ancient Greek κρεμάννῡμῐ (kremánnūmi, “to hang up”) (though Beekes is skeptical of this comparison).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hramō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hramôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hramō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hramôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hramǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hramōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hramōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hramǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hramōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hramōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hramō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hramōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hramō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"frame, framework"
],
"id": "en-hramō-gem-pro-noun-6sLL9HqJ",
"links": [
[
"frame",
"frame"
],
[
"framework",
"framework"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rack"
],
"id": "en-hramō-gem-pro-noun-jp0ajVsY",
"links": [
[
"rack",
"rack"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cross"
],
"id": "en-hramō-gem-pro-noun-s5hpUrFF",
"links": [
[
"cross",
"cross"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 10 10 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 8 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 4 4 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "7 0 0 93",
"sense": "*hramjō (“pole, javelin, spear”)",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "→? Latin: framea→ English: framea→ French: framée→ Italian: framea"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crossbar, pole"
],
"id": "en-hramō-gem-pro-noun-ziyGB0dx",
"links": [
[
"crossbar",
"crossbar"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "hramō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*hramjō (“pole, javelin, spear”)",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "→? Latin: framea→ English: framea→ French: framée→ Italian: framea"
},
{
"word": "hramjaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hramu",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hramu\nOld Frisian: *hrame, *hrama\nSaterland Frisian: Roome\nWest Frisian: raam\n⇒ Old Frisian: hramkorf, raemkorf (“basket-shaped fishing net”) (raemkorf perhaps influenced by Middle Dutch raem)\nOld Saxon: hrama, rama f\nMiddle Low German: rāme, rām, rāmen m\nGerman Low German: Raam, Rahm, Räm n, Rahmen, Rame, Ramen m\nPlautdietsch: Rämen m\n→ Danish: ramme\n→ Estonian: raam\n→ Faroese: ramma\n→ Icelandic: ramma\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: ramme\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: ramme\n→ Old Swedish: rama\nSwedish: ram\n→ Scanian: ramme\nOld Dutch: *rama\nMiddle Dutch: rāme, raem, raam m or f\nDutch: raam, ramen\n→ Old French: raime\nMiddle French: ranme\nFrench: rame\n⇒ Middle Dutch: geraemte, geremte\nDutch: geraamte\nAfrikaans: geraamte\n→ West Frisian: ramt, raamt\n→ German: Geraamte, Geraamt (dialectal)\nLimburgish: geraems, jerems\nOld High German: rama\n> Middle High German: rame, ram (inherited)\nAlemannic German: Ramme\nGerman: Rahmen m\n→ Czech: rám\n→ Romanian: ramă\n→ Russian: рама (rama)\nLuxembourgish: Rumm\nVilamovian: raom\n→ Old Polish: rama\nPolish: rama\n→ Belarusian: ра́ма (ráma)\n→ Kashubian: rama\n→ Russian: ра́ма (ráma)\n→ Azerbaijani: rama\n→ Ingush: рама (rama)\n→ Yakut: араама (araama)\n→ Ukrainian: ра́ма (ráma)\nSilesian: rama, rōma\n>? Vulgar Latin: *frama\nOld French: frame\n→? Middle English: frame\nEnglish: frame\n⇒ Middle English: framen (“to frame (a building)”)\nEnglish: frame",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hramu\nOld Frisian: *hrame, *hrama\nSaterland Frisian: Roome\nWest Frisian: raam\n⇒ Old Frisian: hramkorf, raemkorf (“basket-shaped fishing net”) (raemkorf perhaps influenced by Middle Dutch raem)\nOld Saxon: hrama, rama f\nMiddle Low German: rāme, rām, rāmen m\nGerman Low German: Raam, Rahm, Räm n, Rahmen, Rame, Ramen m\nPlautdietsch: Rämen m\n→ Danish: ramme\n→ Estonian: raam\n→ Faroese: ramma\n→ Icelandic: ramma\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: ramme\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: ramme\n→ Old Swedish: rama\nSwedish: ram\n→ Scanian: ramme\nOld Dutch: *rama\nMiddle Dutch: rāme, raem, raam m or f\nDutch: raam, ramen\n→ Old French: raime\nMiddle French: ranme\nFrench: rame\n⇒ Middle Dutch: geraemte, geremte\nDutch: geraamte\nAfrikaans: geraamte\n→ West Frisian: ramt, raamt\n→ German: Geraamte, Geraamt (dialectal)\nLimburgish: geraems, jerems\nOld High German: rama\n> Middle High German: rame, ram (inherited)\nAlemannic German: Ramme\nGerman: Rahmen m\n→ Czech: rám\n→ Romanian: ramă\n→ Russian: рама (rama)\nLuxembourgish: Rumm\nVilamovian: raom\n→ Old Polish: rama\nPolish: rama\n→ Belarusian: ра́ма (ráma)\n→ Kashubian: rama\n→ Russian: ра́ма (ráma)\n→ Azerbaijani: rama\n→ Ingush: рама (rama)\n→ Yakut: араама (araama)\n→ Ukrainian: ра́ма (ráma)\nSilesian: rama, rōma\n>? Vulgar Latin: *frama\nOld French: frame\n→? Middle English: frame\nEnglish: frame\n⇒ Middle English: framen (“to frame (a building)”)\nEnglish: frame"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)krem-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krem-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*krōmà",
"t": "edge, boundary; slice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *krōmà (“edge, boundary; slice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱremh₂-",
"t": "to hang"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱremh₂- (“to hang”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρεμάννῡμῐ",
"t": "to hang up"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρεμάννῡμῐ (kremánnūmi, “to hang up”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krem-, which appears to be a derivative of *(s)ker- (“to cut”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *krōmà (“edge, boundary; slice”). An alternative theory links the root to Proto-Indo-European *ḱremh₂- (“to hang”), whence Ancient Greek κρεμάννῡμῐ (kremánnūmi, “to hang up”) (though Beekes is skeptical of this comparison).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hramō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hramôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hramō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hramôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hramǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hramōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hramōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hramǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hramōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hramōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hramō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hramōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hramō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"frame, framework"
],
"links": [
[
"frame",
"frame"
],
[
"framework",
"framework"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rack"
],
"links": [
[
"rack",
"rack"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cross"
],
"links": [
[
"cross",
"cross"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"crossbar, pole"
],
"links": [
[
"crossbar",
"crossbar"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "hramō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hramō meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.