See furai in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*preh₂-",
"id1": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pr̥h₂-éy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-éy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prae"
},
"expansion": "Latin prae",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "παραί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παραί (paraí)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पुरे"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पुरे (pure)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-éy, an innovative dative formation from *preh₂-. Compare Latin prae, Ancient Greek παραί (paraí) and Sanskrit पुरे (pure). Alternatively from *pr̥h₃-éy or *pr̥h₃-óy, from *perh₃-. In any case, ultimately from the root *per-.",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furai",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"before (spatial and temporal)"
],
"id": "en-furai-gem-pro-prep-0KPHsDLe",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 67 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 57 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for (benefactive)"
],
"id": "en-furai-gem-pro-prep-hmFZOPV7",
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"benefactive",
"benefactive"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for (causal): because of"
],
"id": "en-furai-gem-pro-prep-1H1yljEh",
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"causal",
"causal"
],
[
"because",
"because"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸu.rɑi̯/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "furai"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*forē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *forē\nOld English: fore\nMiddle English: fore\nScots: fore\nEnglish: fore\nOld Frisian: fora, fore\nOld Saxon: fora, for, fore, fur, far\nGerman Low German: för, vär, veer, ver (Low Prussian), vör, vœr\nOld Dutch: fora, fore\nMiddle Dutch: vōre, vor, vōor\nDutch: voor, vore\nAfrikaans: voor\nBerbice Creole Dutch: foro\nJavindo: foor\nNegerhollands: voor, fo, for\nJersey Dutch: för, f'r\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: voor (dated)\nPetjo: voor, foor\nSkepi Creole Dutch: foo, fou\nLimburgish: veur\nOld High German: fora, for, fore\nMiddle Low German: vor, vore\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: vóar, bóar (Mezzaselva)\nMòcheno: vour\nCentral Franconian: vür\nGerman: vor",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *forē\nOld English: fore\nMiddle English: fore\nScots: fore\nEnglish: fore\nOld Frisian: fora, fore\nOld Saxon: fora, for, fore, fur, far\nGerman Low German: för, vär, veer, ver (Low Prussian), vör, vœr\nOld Dutch: fora, fore\nMiddle Dutch: vōre, vor, vōor\nDutch: voor, vore\nAfrikaans: voor\nBerbice Creole Dutch: foro\nJavindo: foor\nNegerhollands: voor, fo, for\nJersey Dutch: för, f'r\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: voor (dated)\nPetjo: voor, foor\nSkepi Creole Dutch: foo, fou\nLimburgish: veur\nOld High German: fora, for, fore\nMiddle Low German: vor, vore\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: vóar, bóar (Mezzaselva)\nMòcheno: vour\nCentral Franconian: vür\nGerman: vor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fyrir"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fyrir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fyrir (probably merged completely with *furi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrn",
"2": "for"
},
"expansion": "Norn: for",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norn: for"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "fyrir",
"3": "for",
"alt": "fyri(r)"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: fyri(r), for",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: fyri(r), for"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "före",
"3": "för"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: före, för",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: före, för"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 (faura)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 (faura)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*preh₂-",
"id1": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pr̥h₂-éy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-éy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prae"
},
"expansion": "Latin prae",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "παραί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παραί (paraí)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पुरे"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पुरे (pure)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-éy, an innovative dative formation from *preh₂-. Compare Latin prae, Ancient Greek παραί (paraí) and Sanskrit पुरे (pure). Alternatively from *pr̥h₃-éy or *pr̥h₃-óy, from *perh₃-. In any case, ultimately from the root *per-.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furai",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"before, in front"
],
"id": "en-furai-gem-pro-adv-O5d-d1lK",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "furi"
},
{
"word": "furiz"
},
{
"word": "furist"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸu.rɑi̯/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "furai"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *preh₂-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*preh₂-",
"id1": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pr̥h₂-éy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-éy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prae"
},
"expansion": "Latin prae",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "παραί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παραί (paraí)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पुरे"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पुरे (pure)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-éy, an innovative dative formation from *preh₂-. Compare Latin prae, Ancient Greek παραί (paraí) and Sanskrit पुरे (pure). Alternatively from *pr̥h₃-éy or *pr̥h₃-óy, from *perh₃-. In any case, ultimately from the root *per-.",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furai",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"before (spatial and temporal)"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"for (benefactive)"
],
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"benefactive",
"benefactive"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"for (causal): because of"
],
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"causal",
"causal"
],
[
"because",
"because"
],
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸu.rɑi̯/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "furai"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *preh₂-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*forē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *forē\nOld English: fore\nMiddle English: fore\nScots: fore\nEnglish: fore\nOld Frisian: fora, fore\nOld Saxon: fora, for, fore, fur, far\nGerman Low German: för, vär, veer, ver (Low Prussian), vör, vœr\nOld Dutch: fora, fore\nMiddle Dutch: vōre, vor, vōor\nDutch: voor, vore\nAfrikaans: voor\nBerbice Creole Dutch: foro\nJavindo: foor\nNegerhollands: voor, fo, for\nJersey Dutch: för, f'r\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: voor (dated)\nPetjo: voor, foor\nSkepi Creole Dutch: foo, fou\nLimburgish: veur\nOld High German: fora, for, fore\nMiddle Low German: vor, vore\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: vóar, bóar (Mezzaselva)\nMòcheno: vour\nCentral Franconian: vür\nGerman: vor",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *forē\nOld English: fore\nMiddle English: fore\nScots: fore\nEnglish: fore\nOld Frisian: fora, fore\nOld Saxon: fora, for, fore, fur, far\nGerman Low German: för, vär, veer, ver (Low Prussian), vör, vœr\nOld Dutch: fora, fore\nMiddle Dutch: vōre, vor, vōor\nDutch: voor, vore\nAfrikaans: voor\nBerbice Creole Dutch: foro\nJavindo: foor\nNegerhollands: voor, fo, for\nJersey Dutch: för, f'r\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: voor (dated)\nPetjo: voor, foor\nSkepi Creole Dutch: foo, fou\nLimburgish: veur\nOld High German: fora, for, fore\nMiddle Low German: vor, vore\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: vóar, bóar (Mezzaselva)\nMòcheno: vour\nCentral Franconian: vür\nGerman: vor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fyrir"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fyrir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fyrir (probably merged completely with *furi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrn",
"2": "for"
},
"expansion": "Norn: for",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norn: for"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "fyrir",
"3": "for",
"alt": "fyri(r)"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: fyri(r), for",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: fyri(r), for"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "före",
"3": "för"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: före, för",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: före, för"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 (faura)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 (faura)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*preh₂-",
"id1": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pr̥h₂-éy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-éy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prae"
},
"expansion": "Latin prae",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "παραί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παραί (paraí)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पुरे"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पुरे (pure)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-éy, an innovative dative formation from *preh₂-. Compare Latin prae, Ancient Greek παραί (paraí) and Sanskrit पुरे (pure). Alternatively from *pr̥h₃-éy or *pr̥h₃-óy, from *perh₃-. In any case, ultimately from the root *per-.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furai",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"word": "furi"
},
{
"word": "furiz"
},
{
"word": "furist"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"before, in front"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸu.rɑi̯/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "furai"
}
Download raw JSONL data for furai meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.