See ferþuz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for ferþuz meaning in Proto-Germanic (3.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚠᛖᚱᚦᚢᛉ",
"3": "*ᚠᛡᛖᚱᚦᚢᛦ",
"ts2": "fearþuʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚠᛖᚱᚦᚢᛉ (*ferþuʀ), *ᚠᛡᛖᚱᚦᚢᛦ (*fᴀerþuʀ /fearþuʀ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚠᛖᚱᚦᚢᛉ (*ferþuʀ), *ᚠᛡᛖᚱᚦᚢᛦ (*fᴀerþuʀ /fearþuʀ/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fjǫrðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fjǫrðr\nIcelandic: fjörður\nFaroese: fjørður\nNorn: fjord\nNorwegian: fjord (see there for further descendants)\nOld Swedish: fiorþer, fiordher\nSwedish: fjord\n⇒ Old Swedish: fiærdher\nSwedish: fjärd, (dialectal) fjäl\nOld Danish: fiorth\nDanish: fjord\n→ Middle English: fyrth\nScots: firth\n→ English: firth\nGutnish: fjäd",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fjǫrðr\nIcelandic: fjörður\nFaroese: fjørður\nNorn: fjord\nNorwegian: fjord (see there for further descendants)\nOld Swedish: fiorþer, fiordher\nSwedish: fjord\n⇒ Old Swedish: fiærdher\nSwedish: fjärd, (dialectal) fjäl\nOld Danish: fiorth\nDanish: fjord\n→ Middle English: fyrth\nScots: firth\n→ English: firth\nGutnish: fjäd"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pértus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pértus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*feraną",
"3": "*þuz",
"t1": "to cross"
},
"expansion": "*feraną (“to cross”) + *-þuz",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furduz",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "*furduz",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pértus, equivalent to *feraną (“to cross”) + *-þuz. The oblique stem *pr̥téw- gave rise to *furduz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "firþiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "firþiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "firþiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "firþiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ferþuz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þuz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inlet, fjord"
],
"id": "en-ferþuz-gem-pro-noun-Ev0i~oQj",
"links": [
[
"inlet",
"inlet"
],
[
"fjord",
"fjord"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "furduz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸer.θuz/"
}
],
"word": "ferþuz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚠᛖᚱᚦᚢᛉ",
"3": "*ᚠᛡᛖᚱᚦᚢᛦ",
"ts2": "fearþuʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚠᛖᚱᚦᚢᛉ (*ferþuʀ), *ᚠᛡᛖᚱᚦᚢᛦ (*fᴀerþuʀ /fearþuʀ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚠᛖᚱᚦᚢᛉ (*ferþuʀ), *ᚠᛡᛖᚱᚦᚢᛦ (*fᴀerþuʀ /fearþuʀ/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fjǫrðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fjǫrðr\nIcelandic: fjörður\nFaroese: fjørður\nNorn: fjord\nNorwegian: fjord (see there for further descendants)\nOld Swedish: fiorþer, fiordher\nSwedish: fjord\n⇒ Old Swedish: fiærdher\nSwedish: fjärd, (dialectal) fjäl\nOld Danish: fiorth\nDanish: fjord\n→ Middle English: fyrth\nScots: firth\n→ English: firth\nGutnish: fjäd",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fjǫrðr\nIcelandic: fjörður\nFaroese: fjørður\nNorn: fjord\nNorwegian: fjord (see there for further descendants)\nOld Swedish: fiorþer, fiordher\nSwedish: fjord\n⇒ Old Swedish: fiærdher\nSwedish: fjärd, (dialectal) fjäl\nOld Danish: fiorth\nDanish: fjord\n→ Middle English: fyrth\nScots: firth\n→ English: firth\nGutnish: fjäd"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pértus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pértus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*feraną",
"3": "*þuz",
"t1": "to cross"
},
"expansion": "*feraną (“to cross”) + *-þuz",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furduz",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "*furduz",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pértus, equivalent to *feraną (“to cross”) + *-þuz. The oblique stem *pr̥téw- gave rise to *furduz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "firþiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "firþiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "firþiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "firþiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferþumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ferþuz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "furduz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic doublets",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þuz",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic u-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"inlet, fjord"
],
"links": [
[
"inlet",
"inlet"
],
[
"fjord",
"fjord"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸer.θuz/"
}
],
"word": "ferþuz"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-07-01 using wiktextract (ad53249 and b4eb25b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.