See furduz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*furdu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *furdu\nOld English: ford\nMiddle English: ford, furd, foord\nEnglish: ford\nScots: furde, furd, fuird\n⇒ English: Chelmsford (from a contraction of Ċēolmǣres + ford)\n→ Proto-Brythonic: *forð (“road”) (see there for further descendants)\nOld Frisian: forda\nWest Frisian: furde\nOld Saxon: ford\nMiddle Low German: furd, vōrde, vōrt\nGerman Low German: Föörd\nOld Dutch: furda, *ford\nMiddle Dutch: vort, vōort\nDutch: voord\nOld High German: furt\nMiddle High German: vurt\nGerman: Furt\n→ Saterland Frisian: Fúurt",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *furdu\nOld English: ford\nMiddle English: ford, furd, foord\nEnglish: ford\nScots: furde, furd, fuird\n⇒ English: Chelmsford (from a contraction of Ċēolmǣres + ford)\n→ Proto-Brythonic: *forð (“road”) (see there for further descendants)\nOld Frisian: forda\nWest Frisian: furde\nOld Saxon: ford\nMiddle Low German: furd, vōrde, vōrt\nGerman Low German: Föörd\nOld Dutch: furda, *ford\nMiddle Dutch: vort, vōort\nDutch: voord\nOld High German: furt\nMiddle High German: vurt\nGerman: Furt\n→ Saterland Frisian: Fúurt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pr̥téw-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pr̥téw-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*þuz"
},
"expansion": "+ *-þuz",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ferþuz",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "*ferþuz",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pr̥téw-, the oblique stem of *pértus (“crossing”), equivalent to unattested *feraną (“to cross”) + *-þuz. The nominative stem gave rise to *ferþuz. In the nominative the stress fell on the root, and as such *ferþuz does not display the effects of Verner's Law seen in *furduz, which has generalized the oblique stem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "furduz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furdiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "furdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "furdiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "furdų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furdunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "furdauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furdiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "furdiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furdumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "furdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furdumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furduz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þuz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ford"
],
"id": "en-furduz-gem-pro-noun-soCMlH6g",
"links": [
[
"ford",
"ford"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ferþuz"
},
{
"word": "furþą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸur.ðuz/"
}
],
"word": "furduz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*furdu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *furdu\nOld English: ford\nMiddle English: ford, furd, foord\nEnglish: ford\nScots: furde, furd, fuird\n⇒ English: Chelmsford (from a contraction of Ċēolmǣres + ford)\n→ Proto-Brythonic: *forð (“road”) (see there for further descendants)\nOld Frisian: forda\nWest Frisian: furde\nOld Saxon: ford\nMiddle Low German: furd, vōrde, vōrt\nGerman Low German: Föörd\nOld Dutch: furda, *ford\nMiddle Dutch: vort, vōort\nDutch: voord\nOld High German: furt\nMiddle High German: vurt\nGerman: Furt\n→ Saterland Frisian: Fúurt",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *furdu\nOld English: ford\nMiddle English: ford, furd, foord\nEnglish: ford\nScots: furde, furd, fuird\n⇒ English: Chelmsford (from a contraction of Ċēolmǣres + ford)\n→ Proto-Brythonic: *forð (“road”) (see there for further descendants)\nOld Frisian: forda\nWest Frisian: furde\nOld Saxon: ford\nMiddle Low German: furd, vōrde, vōrt\nGerman Low German: Föörd\nOld Dutch: furda, *ford\nMiddle Dutch: vort, vōort\nDutch: voord\nOld High German: furt\nMiddle High German: vurt\nGerman: Furt\n→ Saterland Frisian: Fúurt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pr̥téw-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pr̥téw-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*þuz"
},
"expansion": "+ *-þuz",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ferþuz",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "*ferþuz",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pr̥téw-, the oblique stem of *pértus (“crossing”), equivalent to unattested *feraną (“to cross”) + *-þuz. The nominative stem gave rise to *ferþuz. In the nominative the stress fell on the root, and as such *ferþuz does not display the effects of Verner's Law seen in *furduz, which has generalized the oblique stem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "furduz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furdiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "furdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "furdiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "furdų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furdunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "furdauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furdiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "furdiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furdumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "furdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "furdumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furduz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ferþuz"
},
{
"word": "furþą"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic doublets",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þuz",
"Proto-Germanic u-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"ford"
],
"links": [
[
"ford",
"ford"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸur.ðuz/"
}
],
"word": "furduz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for furduz meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.