"dunkaraz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See dunkaraz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈduŋ.kɑ.rɑz/
Etymology: Similar to *dunkalaz (“dark”), a zero-grade adjective related to *dinkwa-, *dankwaz (“dark”). Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|dunkar}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*dunkaraz|*dunkaranǭ|*dunkaras, -is|*dunkarammai|*dunkaranō|*dunkarai|*dunkaranz|*dunkaraizǫ̂|*dunkaraimaz|*dunkaraimiz|*dunkarō|*dunkarǭ|*dunkaraizōz|*dunkaraizōi|*dunkaraizō|*dunkarôz|*dunkarōz|*dunkaraizǫ̂|*dunkaraimaz|*dunkaraimiz|*dunkarą, -atō|*dunkarą, -atō|*dunkaras, -is|*dunkarammai|*dunkaranō|*dunkarō|*dunkarō|*dunkaraizǫ̂|*dunkaraimaz|*dunkaraimiz|*dunkarô|*dunkaranų|*dunkariniz|*dunkarini|*dunkarinē|*dunkaraniz|*dunkaranunz|*dunkaranǫ̂|*dunkarammaz|*dunkarammiz|*dunkarǭ|*dunkarōnų|*dunkarōniz|*dunkarōni|*dunkarōnē|*dunkarōniz|*dunkarōnunz|*dunkarōnǫ̂|*dunkarōmaz|*dunkarōmiz|*dunkarô|*dunkarô|*dunkariniz|*dunkarini|*dunkarinē|*dunkarōnō|*dunkarōnō|*dunkaranǫ̂|*dunkarammaz|*dunkarammiz|title=*dunkaraz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], dunkaraz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], dunkarai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], dunkarō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], dunkarôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], dunkarą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], dunkarō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], dunkaranǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], dunkaranz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], dunkarǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], dunkarōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], dunkarą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], dunkarō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], dunkaras [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], dunkaraizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], dunkaraizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], dunkaraizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], dunkaras [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], dunkaraizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], dunkarammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], dunkaraimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], dunkaraizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], dunkaraimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], dunkarammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], dunkaraimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], dunkaranō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], dunkaraimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], dunkaraizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], dunkaraimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], dunkaranō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], dunkaraimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], dunkarô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], dunkaraniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], dunkarǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], dunkarōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], dunkarô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], dunkarōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], dunkaranų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], dunkaranunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], dunkarōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], dunkarōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], dunkarô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], dunkarōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], dunkariniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], dunkaranǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], dunkarōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], dunkarōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], dunkariniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], dunkaranǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], dunkarini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], dunkarammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], dunkarōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], dunkarōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], dunkarini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], dunkarammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], dunkarinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], dunkarammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], dunkarōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], dunkarōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], dunkarinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], dunkarammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. dark Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: dunkalaz, derkaz Related terms: dankwaz
    Sense id: en-dunkaraz-gem-pro-adj-5rtWib7s Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*dunker",
            "3": "diunker",
            "4": "dionker"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *dunker, diunker, dionker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *dunker, diunker, dionker"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "djunker"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: djunker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: djunker"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "donker"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: donker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: donker"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "dunkar"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: dunkar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: dunkar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "dunker"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: dunker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: dunker"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "dunker"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: dunker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: dunker"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*dunkar"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *dunkar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *dunkar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "donker"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: donker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: donker"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "donker"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: donker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: donker"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Similar to *dunkalaz (“dark”), a zero-grade adjective related to *dinkwa-, *dankwaz (“dark”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkariniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkariniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dunkar"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*dunkaraz",
        "10": "*dunkaraimiz",
        "11": "*dunkarō",
        "12": "*dunkarǭ",
        "13": "*dunkaraizōz",
        "14": "*dunkaraizōi",
        "15": "*dunkaraizō",
        "16": "*dunkarôz",
        "17": "*dunkarōz",
        "18": "*dunkaraizǫ̂",
        "19": "*dunkaraimaz",
        "2": "*dunkaranǭ",
        "20": "*dunkaraimiz",
        "21": "*dunkarą, -atō",
        "22": "*dunkarą, -atō",
        "23": "*dunkaras, -is",
        "24": "*dunkarammai",
        "25": "*dunkaranō",
        "26": "*dunkarō",
        "27": "*dunkarō",
        "28": "*dunkaraizǫ̂",
        "29": "*dunkaraimaz",
        "3": "*dunkaras, -is",
        "30": "*dunkaraimiz",
        "31": "*dunkarô",
        "32": "*dunkaranų",
        "33": "*dunkariniz",
        "34": "*dunkarini",
        "35": "*dunkarinē",
        "36": "*dunkaraniz",
        "37": "*dunkaranunz",
        "38": "*dunkaranǫ̂",
        "39": "*dunkarammaz",
        "4": "*dunkarammai",
        "40": "*dunkarammiz",
        "41": "*dunkarǭ",
        "42": "*dunkarōnų",
        "43": "*dunkarōniz",
        "44": "*dunkarōni",
        "45": "*dunkarōnē",
        "46": "*dunkarōniz",
        "47": "*dunkarōnunz",
        "48": "*dunkarōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*dunkarōmaz",
        "5": "*dunkaranō",
        "50": "*dunkarōmiz",
        "51": "*dunkarô",
        "52": "*dunkarô",
        "53": "*dunkariniz",
        "54": "*dunkarini",
        "55": "*dunkarinē",
        "56": "*dunkarōnō",
        "57": "*dunkarōnō",
        "58": "*dunkaranǫ̂",
        "59": "*dunkarammaz",
        "6": "*dunkarai",
        "60": "*dunkarammiz",
        "7": "*dunkaranz",
        "8": "*dunkaraizǫ̂",
        "9": "*dunkaraimaz",
        "title": "*dunkaraz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dunkaraz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dark"
      ],
      "id": "en-dunkaraz-gem-pro-adj-5rtWib7s",
      "links": [
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "dankwaz"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dunkalaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "derkaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈduŋ.kɑ.rɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dunkaraz"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*dunker",
            "3": "diunker",
            "4": "dionker"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *dunker, diunker, dionker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *dunker, diunker, dionker"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "djunker"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: djunker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: djunker"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "donker"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: donker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: donker"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "dunkar"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: dunkar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: dunkar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "dunker"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: dunker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: dunker"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "dunker"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: dunker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: dunker"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*dunkar"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *dunkar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *dunkar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "donker"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: donker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: donker"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "donker"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: donker",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: donker"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Similar to *dunkalaz (“dark”), a zero-grade adjective related to *dinkwa-, *dankwaz (“dark”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaraniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkariniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkariniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkaranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dunkarammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dunkar"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*dunkaraz",
        "10": "*dunkaraimiz",
        "11": "*dunkarō",
        "12": "*dunkarǭ",
        "13": "*dunkaraizōz",
        "14": "*dunkaraizōi",
        "15": "*dunkaraizō",
        "16": "*dunkarôz",
        "17": "*dunkarōz",
        "18": "*dunkaraizǫ̂",
        "19": "*dunkaraimaz",
        "2": "*dunkaranǭ",
        "20": "*dunkaraimiz",
        "21": "*dunkarą, -atō",
        "22": "*dunkarą, -atō",
        "23": "*dunkaras, -is",
        "24": "*dunkarammai",
        "25": "*dunkaranō",
        "26": "*dunkarō",
        "27": "*dunkarō",
        "28": "*dunkaraizǫ̂",
        "29": "*dunkaraimaz",
        "3": "*dunkaras, -is",
        "30": "*dunkaraimiz",
        "31": "*dunkarô",
        "32": "*dunkaranų",
        "33": "*dunkariniz",
        "34": "*dunkarini",
        "35": "*dunkarinē",
        "36": "*dunkaraniz",
        "37": "*dunkaranunz",
        "38": "*dunkaranǫ̂",
        "39": "*dunkarammaz",
        "4": "*dunkarammai",
        "40": "*dunkarammiz",
        "41": "*dunkarǭ",
        "42": "*dunkarōnų",
        "43": "*dunkarōniz",
        "44": "*dunkarōni",
        "45": "*dunkarōnē",
        "46": "*dunkarōniz",
        "47": "*dunkarōnunz",
        "48": "*dunkarōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*dunkarōmaz",
        "5": "*dunkaranō",
        "50": "*dunkarōmiz",
        "51": "*dunkarô",
        "52": "*dunkarô",
        "53": "*dunkariniz",
        "54": "*dunkarini",
        "55": "*dunkarinē",
        "56": "*dunkarōnō",
        "57": "*dunkarōnō",
        "58": "*dunkaranǫ̂",
        "59": "*dunkarammaz",
        "6": "*dunkarai",
        "60": "*dunkarammiz",
        "7": "*dunkaranz",
        "8": "*dunkaraizǫ̂",
        "9": "*dunkaraimaz",
        "title": "*dunkaraz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dunkaraz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "dankwaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dark"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈduŋ.kɑ.rɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "dunkalaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "derkaz"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dunkaraz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for dunkaraz meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.