See bōtō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bōtalausaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bōtijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bōtu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōtu\nOld English: bōt\nMiddle English: bot, bote, boote\nEnglish: boot\n→ English: bote\nScots: bute, buit\nOld Frisian: bōte\nSaterland Frisian: Boate\nWest Frisian: boete\nOld Saxon: bōta\nMiddle Low German: bote, bôte, bute\nLow German: Bote\nOld Dutch: *buota\nMiddle Dutch: boete\nDutch: boete\nAfrikaans: boete\nOld High German: buoza, buoz\nMiddle High German: buoze\nGerman: Buße\nLuxembourgish: Bouss",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōtu\nOld English: bōt\nMiddle English: bot, bote, boote\nEnglish: boot\n→ English: bote\nScots: bute, buit\nOld Frisian: bōte\nSaterland Frisian: Boate\nWest Frisian: boete\nOld Saxon: bōta\nMiddle Low German: bote, bôte, bute\nLow German: Bote\nOld Dutch: *buota\nMiddle Dutch: boete\nDutch: boete\nAfrikaans: boete\nOld High German: buoza, buoz\nMiddle High German: buoze\nGerman: Buße\nLuxembourgish: Bouss"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bót"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: bót",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: bót"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bót"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bót",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bót"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "bót"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: bót",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: bót"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bot"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bot"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "bot",
"alt": "bōt"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: bōt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: bōt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bot"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: bot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: bot"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bod"
},
"expansion": "Danish: bod",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: bod"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bot"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: bot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: bot"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌰 (bōta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌰 (bōta)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰoHd-eh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰoHd-eh₂-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰoHd-eh₂-, from *bʰed-, *bʰeHd- (“to improve”). Synchronically analyzed as an ō-stem nominal formation from the root *bat underlying *batiz (“better”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōtō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bataną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bataz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "batiz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "batnaną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "batô"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "batōną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"improvement, betterment"
],
"id": "en-bōtō-gem-pro-noun-YIwm~Hw~",
"links": [
[
"improvement",
"improvement"
],
[
"betterment",
"betterment"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"recompense, atonement"
],
"id": "en-bōtō-gem-pro-noun-CNPZ2KPF",
"links": [
[
"recompense",
"recompense"
],
[
"atonement",
"atonement"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔː.tɔː/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bōtō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bōtalausaz"
},
{
"word": "bōtijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bōtu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōtu\nOld English: bōt\nMiddle English: bot, bote, boote\nEnglish: boot\n→ English: bote\nScots: bute, buit\nOld Frisian: bōte\nSaterland Frisian: Boate\nWest Frisian: boete\nOld Saxon: bōta\nMiddle Low German: bote, bôte, bute\nLow German: Bote\nOld Dutch: *buota\nMiddle Dutch: boete\nDutch: boete\nAfrikaans: boete\nOld High German: buoza, buoz\nMiddle High German: buoze\nGerman: Buße\nLuxembourgish: Bouss",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōtu\nOld English: bōt\nMiddle English: bot, bote, boote\nEnglish: boot\n→ English: bote\nScots: bute, buit\nOld Frisian: bōte\nSaterland Frisian: Boate\nWest Frisian: boete\nOld Saxon: bōta\nMiddle Low German: bote, bôte, bute\nLow German: Bote\nOld Dutch: *buota\nMiddle Dutch: boete\nDutch: boete\nAfrikaans: boete\nOld High German: buoza, buoz\nMiddle High German: buoze\nGerman: Buße\nLuxembourgish: Bouss"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bót"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: bót",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: bót"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bót"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bót",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bót"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "bót"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: bót",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: bót"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bot"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bot"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "bot",
"alt": "bōt"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: bōt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: bōt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bot"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: bot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: bot"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bod"
},
"expansion": "Danish: bod",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: bod"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bot"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: bot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: bot"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌰 (bōta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌰 (bōta)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰoHd-eh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰoHd-eh₂-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰoHd-eh₂-, from *bʰed-, *bʰeHd- (“to improve”). Synchronically analyzed as an ō-stem nominal formation from the root *bat underlying *batiz (“better”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōtōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōtō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bataną"
},
{
"word": "bataz"
},
{
"word": "batiz"
},
{
"word": "batnaną"
},
{
"word": "batô"
},
{
"word": "batōną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"improvement, betterment"
],
"links": [
[
"improvement",
"improvement"
],
[
"betterment",
"betterment"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"recompense, atonement"
],
"links": [
[
"recompense",
"recompense"
],
[
"atonement",
"atonement"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔː.tɔː/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bōtō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bōtō meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.