See þarbō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for þarbō meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þarbu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þarbu\nOld English: þearf\nMiddle English: thearf, therf\nOld Saxon: tharf\nMiddle Low German: bedarf\n→ German: Bedarf\n→ Saterland Frisian: Bedarf\nOld High German: darba",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þarbu\nOld English: þearf\nMiddle English: thearf, therf\nOld Saxon: tharf\nMiddle Low German: bedarf\n→ German: Bedarf\n→ Saterland Frisian: Bedarf\nOld High German: darba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚦᚨᚱᛒᚢ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚦᚨᚱᛒᚢ (*þarbu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚦᚨᚱᛒᚢ (*þarbu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚢᚦᛡᚱᛡᛒᛡ",
"der": "1",
"pos": "genitive plural",
"ts": "ūþarᵃβa"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚢᚦᛡᚱᛡᛒᛡ (uþᴀrᴀbᴀ /ūþarᵃβa/, genitive plural)\nOld Norse: óþǫrf, úþǫrf (genitive plural óþarfa)\nIcelandic: óþörf\nOld Swedish: otharf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚢᚦᛡᚱᛡᛒᛡ (uþᴀrᴀbᴀ /ūþarᵃβa/, genitive plural)\nOld Norse: óþǫrf, úþǫrf (genitive plural óþarfa)\nIcelandic: óþörf\nOld Swedish: otharf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þǫrf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: þǫrf\nIcelandic: þörf\nFaroese: tørvur m, tarvur m\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: tarv m or n\nNorwegian Nynorsk: tarv f; torv f\nOld Swedish: þarf\nSwedish: tarv n, tarf (pre-1906 spelling)\nDanish: tarv c or n",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: þǫrf\nIcelandic: þörf\nFaroese: tørvur m, tarvur m\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: tarv m or n\nNorwegian Nynorsk: tarv f; torv f\nOld Swedish: þarf\nSwedish: tarv n, tarf (pre-1906 spelling)\nDanish: tarv c or n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰 (þarba)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰 (þarba)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*tarbëh",
"3": "*tarbis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *tarbëh, *tarbis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *tarbëh, *tarbis (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terp-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*torp-éh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *torp-éh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *torp-éh₂, from *terp- (“to satisfy; to need”). The details of the semantic shift are uncertain. According to Kroonen, Germanic may have preserved an older sense “to use” which has not survived in the other branches.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þarbō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "þarbāną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"need"
],
"id": "en-þarbō-gem-pro-noun-vo3~ALDU",
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "þurbaną"
},
{
"word": "þurftiz"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "þarbō"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "þarbāną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þarbu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þarbu\nOld English: þearf\nMiddle English: thearf, therf\nOld Saxon: tharf\nMiddle Low German: bedarf\n→ German: Bedarf\n→ Saterland Frisian: Bedarf\nOld High German: darba",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þarbu\nOld English: þearf\nMiddle English: thearf, therf\nOld Saxon: tharf\nMiddle Low German: bedarf\n→ German: Bedarf\n→ Saterland Frisian: Bedarf\nOld High German: darba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚦᚨᚱᛒᚢ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚦᚨᚱᛒᚢ (*þarbu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚦᚨᚱᛒᚢ (*þarbu)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚢᚦᛡᚱᛡᛒᛡ",
"der": "1",
"pos": "genitive plural",
"ts": "ūþarᵃβa"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚢᚦᛡᚱᛡᛒᛡ (uþᴀrᴀbᴀ /ūþarᵃβa/, genitive plural)\nOld Norse: óþǫrf, úþǫrf (genitive plural óþarfa)\nIcelandic: óþörf\nOld Swedish: otharf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚢᚦᛡᚱᛡᛒᛡ (uþᴀrᴀbᴀ /ūþarᵃβa/, genitive plural)\nOld Norse: óþǫrf, úþǫrf (genitive plural óþarfa)\nIcelandic: óþörf\nOld Swedish: otharf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þǫrf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: þǫrf\nIcelandic: þörf\nFaroese: tørvur m, tarvur m\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: tarv m or n\nNorwegian Nynorsk: tarv f; torv f\nOld Swedish: þarf\nSwedish: tarv n, tarf (pre-1906 spelling)\nDanish: tarv c or n",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: þǫrf\nIcelandic: þörf\nFaroese: tørvur m, tarvur m\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: tarv m or n\nNorwegian Nynorsk: tarv f; torv f\nOld Swedish: þarf\nSwedish: tarv n, tarf (pre-1906 spelling)\nDanish: tarv c or n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰 (þarba)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰 (þarba)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*tarbëh",
"3": "*tarbis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *tarbëh, *tarbis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *tarbëh, *tarbis (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terp-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*torp-éh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *torp-éh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *torp-éh₂, from *terp- (“to satisfy; to need”). The details of the semantic shift are uncertain. According to Kroonen, Germanic may have preserved an older sense “to use” which has not survived in the other branches.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þarbōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þarbō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "þurbaną"
},
{
"word": "þurftiz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terp-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"need"
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "þarbō"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.