See -u in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -u meaning in Proto-Finnic (4.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-u"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -u"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-u"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -u"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-w"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-w",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-o"
},
"expansion": "*-o",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-u"
},
"expansion": "*-u",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-w. Originally *-o was the result when the Proto-Uralic suffix was added to a-stems, like *-u was the result when added to stems with other vowels.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-u / *-ü",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-udën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ussa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-usta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-una",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-unëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-utta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "*-u / *-ü"
},
"expansion": "*-u / *-ü",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-u"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-u",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "karhëda (“coarse”) + *-u → *karhu (“bear (originally euphemistic)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mäntä (“mixing utensil made of the top of a young pine\")”) + *-u → *mäntü (“pine tree”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "itkedäk (“to cry, weep”) + *-u → *itku (“cry, weeping”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from adjectives, nouns, and verbs, most commonly from e-stems."
],
"id": "en--u-urj-fin-pro-suffix-~z9CWhUv",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-u"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-u"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -u"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-u"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -u"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-w"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-w",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-o"
},
"expansion": "*-o",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-u"
},
"expansion": "*-u",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-w. Originally *-o was the result when the Proto-Uralic suffix was added to a-stems, like *-u was the result when added to stems with other vowels.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-u / *-ü",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-udën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ussa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-usta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-una",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-unëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-utta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "*-u / *-ü"
},
"expansion": "*-u / *-ü",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-u"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-u",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"Proto-Finnic suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "karhëda (“coarse”) + *-u → *karhu (“bear (originally euphemistic)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mäntä (“mixing utensil made of the top of a young pine\")”) + *-u → *mäntü (“pine tree”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "itkedäk (“to cry, weep”) + *-u → *itku (“cry, weeping”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns from adjectives, nouns, and verbs, most commonly from e-stems."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-u"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.