See -ut in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ut meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "? *-nut"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "< *-(t)tut",
"word": "? *-ttu"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-ut",
"id": "nominal"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -ut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -ut"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-ut"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -ut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -ut"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-u"
},
"expansion": "*-u",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-ëda",
"3": "*-(e)ta"
},
"expansion": "*-(e)ta",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-in"
},
"expansion": "*-in",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "lühida"
},
"expansion": "lühida",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "",
"3": "lyhvä"
},
"expansion": "lyhvä",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "",
"3": "lyhyvä"
},
"expansion": "lyhyvä",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "",
"3": "lyhyä"
},
"expansion": "lyhyä",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally an adjectival suffix, from earlier *-wta, roughly equivalent to *-u + *-(e)ta. Later turned into a consonant stem, as the final *a was lost (like in *-in) and the affix became an e-stem in most descendants by analogy with other consonant stems: an earlier *-ute would have regularly gone through *-ute > *-uti > *-uci > *-uc. The original vowel is further shown in e.g. Estonian lühida and dialectal Finnish lyhvä, lyhyvä, lyhyä. Usage as a diminutive suffix is more recent.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ut / *-üt",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-udët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-udët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ut'ën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-utta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëssa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udësta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udësën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucisën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëlla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëlta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëlën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëlëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-unna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uciksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-udën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-unnëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëtta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"head": "*-ut / *-üt"
},
"expansion": "*-ut / *-üt",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ut"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ut",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vte",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from nominal stems."
],
"id": "en--ut-urj-fin-pro-suffix-NvnTU7vJ",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms diminutive nouns."
],
"id": "en--ut-urj-fin-pro-suffix-Gjv15xH3",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ut"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Finnic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vte",
"Proto-Finnic suffixes"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "? *-nut"
},
{
"alt": "< *-(t)tut",
"word": "? *-ttu"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-ut",
"id": "nominal"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -ut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -ut"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-ut"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -ut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -ut"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-u"
},
"expansion": "*-u",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-ëda",
"3": "*-(e)ta"
},
"expansion": "*-(e)ta",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-in"
},
"expansion": "*-in",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "lühida"
},
"expansion": "lühida",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "",
"3": "lyhvä"
},
"expansion": "lyhvä",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "",
"3": "lyhyvä"
},
"expansion": "lyhyvä",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "",
"3": "lyhyä"
},
"expansion": "lyhyä",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally an adjectival suffix, from earlier *-wta, roughly equivalent to *-u + *-(e)ta. Later turned into a consonant stem, as the final *a was lost (like in *-in) and the affix became an e-stem in most descendants by analogy with other consonant stems: an earlier *-ute would have regularly gone through *-ute > *-uti > *-uci > *-uc. The original vowel is further shown in e.g. Estonian lühida and dialectal Finnish lyhvä, lyhyvä, lyhyä. Usage as a diminutive suffix is more recent.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ut / *-üt",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-udët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-udët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ut'ën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-utta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëssa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udësta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udësën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucisën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëlla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëlta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëlën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëlëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-unna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-uciksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-udën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-unnëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-udëtta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ucitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"head": "*-ut / *-üt"
},
"expansion": "*-ut / *-üt",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ut"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ut",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from nominal stems."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms diminutive nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ut"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.