"līwos" meaning in Proto-Celtic

See līwos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *(s)lih₃-wó-s, from *(s)leh₃y- + *-wós. Etymology templates: {{inh|cel-pro|ine-pro||*(s)lih₃-wó-s}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)lih₃-wó-s, {{suf|ine-pro|*(s)leh₃y-|*wós|nocat=1}} *(s)leh₃y- + *-wós Head templates: {{head|cel-pro|noun|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=}} *līwos m Inflection templates: {{cel-decl-noun-o-m|līw}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], līwos [masculine, nominative, singular, stem], līwou [dual, masculine, nominative, stem], līwoi [masculine, nominative, plural, stem], līwe [masculine, singular, stem, vocative], līwou [dual, masculine, stem, vocative], līwūs [masculine, plural, stem, vocative], līwom [accusative, masculine, singular, stem], līwou [accusative, dual, masculine, stem], līwoms [accusative, masculine, plural, stem], līwī [genitive, masculine, singular, stem], līwous [dual, genitive, masculine, stem], līwom [genitive, masculine, plural, stem], līwūi [dative, masculine, singular, stem], līwobom [dative, dual, masculine, stem], līwobos [dative, masculine, plural, stem], līwei [locative, masculine, singular, stem], - [dual, locative, masculine, stem], - [locative, masculine, plural, stem], līwū [instrumental, masculine, singular, stem], līwobim [dual, instrumental, masculine, stem], līwūis [instrumental, masculine, plural, stem]
  1. colour Tags: masculine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-līwos-cel-pro-noun-1oOMNXRE Related terms: bānos, loukos, windos, ɸlētos, dubus, roudos, dergos, dusnos, blāwos, melinos, glastos, gurmos
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *léh₁u-s ~ *l̥h₁w-és, from *leh₁- (“stone”). Cognate with Albanian lerë (“boulder”), Ancient Greek λᾶας (lâas, “stone”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀨𐀁𐀊 (ra-e-ja, “stone”) and possibly Old Armenian լեառն (leaṙn, “mountain”). Etymology templates: {{root|cel-pro|ine-pro|*leh₁-}}, {{inh|cel-pro|ine-pro||*léh₁u-s ~ *l̥h₁w-és}} Proto-Indo-European *léh₁u-s ~ *l̥h₁w-és, {{cog|sq|lerë||boulder}} Albanian lerë (“boulder”), {{cog|grc|λᾶας||stone}} Ancient Greek λᾶας (lâas, “stone”), {{cog|gmy|𐀨𐀁𐀊||stone}} Mycenaean Greek 𐀨𐀁𐀊 (ra-e-ja, “stone”), {{cog|xcl|լեառն||mountain}} Old Armenian լեառն (leaṙn, “mountain”) Head templates: {{head|cel-pro|noun|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=}} *līwos m Inflection templates: {{cel-decl-noun-o-m|līw}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], līwos [masculine, nominative, singular, stem], līwou [dual, masculine, nominative, stem], līwoi [masculine, nominative, plural, stem], līwe [masculine, singular, stem, vocative], līwou [dual, masculine, stem, vocative], līwūs [masculine, plural, stem, vocative], līwom [accusative, masculine, singular, stem], līwou [accusative, dual, masculine, stem], līwoms [accusative, masculine, plural, stem], līwī [genitive, masculine, singular, stem], līwous [dual, genitive, masculine, stem], līwom [genitive, masculine, plural, stem], līwūi [dative, masculine, singular, stem], līwobom [dative, dual, masculine, stem], līwobos [dative, masculine, plural, stem], līwei [locative, masculine, singular, stem], - [dual, locative, masculine, stem], - [locative, masculine, plural, stem], līwū [instrumental, masculine, singular, stem], līwobim [dual, instrumental, masculine, stem], līwūis [instrumental, masculine, plural, stem]
  1. stone Tags: masculine, reconstruction Derived forms (Old Irish: líac): → Breton: liac'h Related terms (Gaulish: *lausā): → Vulgar Latin: *lausa (english: see there for further descendants) Related terms (→ Vulgar Latin: *lausanga (see there for further descendants); Old French): losenge, loseigne, losinge, lozenge [1160, Eneas] (english: see there for further descendants), Lausanne
    Sense id: en-līwos-cel-pro-noun-3D1Q2o2s Categories (other): Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header: 5 95
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for līwos meaning in Proto-Celtic (9.2kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*lliw"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *lliw\nOld Breton: liu, liou\nMiddle Breton: liu\nBreton: liv\nOld Cornish: liu\nMiddle Cornish: lyw\nOld Welsh: liu\nMiddle Welsh: lliw\nWelsh: lliw",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *lliw\nOld Breton: liu, liou\nMiddle Breton: liu\nBreton: liv\nOld Cornish: liu\nMiddle Cornish: lyw\nOld Welsh: liu\nMiddle Welsh: lliw\nWelsh: lliw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "lí"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: lí, líi\nMiddle Irish: lí\nIrish: lí",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: lí, líi\nMiddle Irish: lí\nIrish: lí"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-gau",
            "2": "*lios"
          },
          "expansion": "Gaulish: *lios",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gaulish: *lios"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*(s)lih₃-wó-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)lih₃-wó-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*(s)leh₃y-",
        "3": "*wós",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "*(s)leh₃y- + *-wós",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)lih₃-wó-s, from *(s)leh₃y- + *-wós.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwoms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwous",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwūi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwobom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwobos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwū",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwobim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwūis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*līwos m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "līw"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/līwos",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "colour"
      ],
      "id": "en-līwos-cel-pro-noun-1oOMNXRE",
      "links": [
        [
          "colour",
          "colour"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "bānos"
        },
        {
          "word": "loukos"
        },
        {
          "word": "windos"
        },
        {
          "word": "ɸlētos"
        },
        {
          "word": "dubus"
        },
        {
          "word": "roudos"
        },
        {
          "word": "dergos"
        },
        {
          "word": "dusnos"
        },
        {
          "word": "blāwos"
        },
        {
          "word": "melinos"
        },
        {
          "word": "glastos"
        },
        {
          "word": "gurmos"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "līwos"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "lie"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: lie",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: lie"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*leh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*léh₁u-s ~ *l̥h₁w-és"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *léh₁u-s ~ *l̥h₁w-és",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "lerë",
        "3": "",
        "4": "boulder"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian lerë (“boulder”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "λᾶας",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek λᾶας (lâas, “stone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmy",
        "2": "𐀨𐀁𐀊",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀨𐀁𐀊 (ra-e-ja, “stone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "լեառն",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mountain"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian լեառն (leaṙn, “mountain”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *léh₁u-s ~ *l̥h₁w-és, from *leh₁- (“stone”). Cognate with Albanian lerë (“boulder”), Ancient Greek λᾶας (lâas, “stone”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀨𐀁𐀊 (ra-e-ja, “stone”) and possibly Old Armenian լեառն (leaṙn, “mountain”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwoms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwous",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwūi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwobom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwobos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwū",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwobim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwūis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*līwos m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "līw"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/līwos",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 95",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "sense": "Old Irish: líac",
          "word": "→ Breton: liac'h"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stone"
      ],
      "id": "en-līwos-cel-pro-noun-3D1Q2o2s",
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "see there for further descendants",
          "sense": "Gaulish: *lausā",
          "word": "→ Vulgar Latin: *lausa"
        },
        {
          "sense": "→ Vulgar Latin: *lausanga (see there for further descendants); Old French",
          "word": "losenge"
        },
        {
          "sense": "→ Vulgar Latin: *lausanga (see there for further descendants); Old French",
          "word": "loseigne"
        },
        {
          "sense": "→ Vulgar Latin: *lausanga (see there for further descendants); Old French",
          "word": "losinge"
        },
        {
          "english": "see there for further descendants",
          "sense": "→ Vulgar Latin: *lausanga (see there for further descendants); Old French",
          "word": "lozenge [1160, Eneas]"
        },
        {
          "sense": "→ Vulgar Latin: *lausanga (see there for further descendants); Old French",
          "word": "Lausanne"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "līwos"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Celtic lemmas",
    "Proto-Celtic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Celtic nouns",
    "Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Celtic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leh₁-",
    "Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*lliw"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *lliw\nOld Breton: liu, liou\nMiddle Breton: liu\nBreton: liv\nOld Cornish: liu\nMiddle Cornish: lyw\nOld Welsh: liu\nMiddle Welsh: lliw\nWelsh: lliw",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *lliw\nOld Breton: liu, liou\nMiddle Breton: liu\nBreton: liv\nOld Cornish: liu\nMiddle Cornish: lyw\nOld Welsh: liu\nMiddle Welsh: lliw\nWelsh: lliw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "lí"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: lí, líi\nMiddle Irish: lí\nIrish: lí",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: lí, líi\nMiddle Irish: lí\nIrish: lí"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-gau",
            "2": "*lios"
          },
          "expansion": "Gaulish: *lios",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gaulish: *lios"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*(s)lih₃-wó-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)lih₃-wó-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*(s)leh₃y-",
        "3": "*wós",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "*(s)leh₃y- + *-wós",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)lih₃-wó-s, from *(s)leh₃y- + *-wós.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwoms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwous",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwūi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwobom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwobos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwū",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwobim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwūis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*līwos m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "līw"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/līwos",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "bānos"
    },
    {
      "word": "loukos"
    },
    {
      "word": "windos"
    },
    {
      "word": "ɸlētos"
    },
    {
      "word": "dubus"
    },
    {
      "word": "roudos"
    },
    {
      "word": "dergos"
    },
    {
      "word": "dusnos"
    },
    {
      "word": "blāwos"
    },
    {
      "word": "melinos"
    },
    {
      "word": "glastos"
    },
    {
      "word": "gurmos"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "colour"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "colour",
          "colour"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "līwos"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Celtic lemmas",
    "Proto-Celtic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Celtic nouns",
    "Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Celtic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leh₁-",
    "Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "sense": "Old Irish: líac",
      "word": "→ Breton: liac'h"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "lie"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: lie",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: lie"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*leh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*léh₁u-s ~ *l̥h₁w-és"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *léh₁u-s ~ *l̥h₁w-és",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "lerë",
        "3": "",
        "4": "boulder"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian lerë (“boulder”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "λᾶας",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek λᾶας (lâas, “stone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmy",
        "2": "𐀨𐀁𐀊",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀨𐀁𐀊 (ra-e-ja, “stone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "լեառն",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mountain"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian լեառն (leaṙn, “mountain”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *léh₁u-s ~ *l̥h₁w-és, from *leh₁- (“stone”). Cognate with Albanian lerë (“boulder”), Ancient Greek λᾶας (lâas, “stone”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀨𐀁𐀊 (ra-e-ja, “stone”) and possibly Old Armenian լեառն (leaṙn, “mountain”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwoms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwous",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwūi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwobom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwobos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwū",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwobim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "līwūis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*līwos m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "līw"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/līwos",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "see there for further descendants",
      "sense": "Gaulish: *lausā",
      "word": "→ Vulgar Latin: *lausa"
    },
    {
      "sense": "→ Vulgar Latin: *lausanga (see there for further descendants); Old French",
      "word": "losenge"
    },
    {
      "sense": "→ Vulgar Latin: *lausanga (see there for further descendants); Old French",
      "word": "loseigne"
    },
    {
      "sense": "→ Vulgar Latin: *lausanga (see there for further descendants); Old French",
      "word": "losinge"
    },
    {
      "english": "see there for further descendants",
      "sense": "→ Vulgar Latin: *lausanga (see there for further descendants); Old French",
      "word": "lozenge [1160, Eneas]"
    },
    {
      "sense": "→ Vulgar Latin: *lausanga (see there for further descendants); Old French",
      "word": "Lausanne"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "stone"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "līwos"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.