See loukos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"sense": "eyesight, perception",
"word": "llug"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "lluc"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*llʉg"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"sense": "bright",
"word": "lóch"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "lúach"
},
{
"lang": "Gaulish",
"lang_code": "cel-gau",
"word": "Leucus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewkós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewkós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *lewkós, from *lewk-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkyūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkyoses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkyūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkyoses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkyosam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkyosans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkisos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkisom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkisei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkisbos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkisī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkisbis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*loukos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lowk"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/loukos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"white"
],
"id": "en-loukos-cel-pro-adj-AY-pakRx",
"links": [
[
"white",
"white#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "bānos"
},
{
"word": "loukos"
},
{
"word": "windos"
},
{
"word": "ɸleitos"
},
{
"word": "blāros"
},
{
"word": "dubus"
},
{
"word": "roudos"
},
{
"word": "dergos"
},
{
"word": "dusnos"
},
{
"word": "blāwos"
},
{
"word": "melinos"
},
{
"word": "glastos"
},
{
"word": "gurmos"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "loukos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"sense": "eyesight, perception",
"word": "llug"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "lluc"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*llʉg"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"sense": "bright",
"word": "lóch"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "lúach"
},
{
"lang": "Gaulish",
"lang_code": "cel-gau",
"word": "Leucus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewkós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewkós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *lewkós, from *lewk-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkyūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkyoses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkyūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkyoses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkyosam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkyosans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkisos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkisom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkisei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkisbos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkisī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkisbis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*loukos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lowk"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/loukos",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "bānos"
},
{
"word": "loukos"
},
{
"word": "windos"
},
{
"word": "ɸleitos"
},
{
"word": "blāros"
},
{
"word": "dubus"
},
{
"word": "roudos"
},
{
"word": "dergos"
},
{
"word": "dusnos"
},
{
"word": "blāwos"
},
{
"word": "melinos"
},
{
"word": "glastos"
},
{
"word": "gurmos"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewk-",
"Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"cel-pro:Colors"
],
"glosses": [
"white"
],
"links": [
[
"white",
"white#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "loukos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for loukos meaning in Proto-Celtic (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-09-20 using wiktextract (ea0d853 and 1ab82da). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.