See dubus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*duβ",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "*duβ\nBreton: du\nCornish: du\nWelsh: du",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Brythonic: *duβ\nBreton: du\nCornish: du\nWelsh: du"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "dub"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: dub",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: dub"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "dubh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: dubh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: dubh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "doo"
},
"expansion": "Manx: doo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: doo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "dubh"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: dubh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: dubh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
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{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "deaf"
},
"expansion": "English deaf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black”). Cognate with English deaf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "U-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dubus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubowes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dubuns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dubowom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dububom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dububos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dububim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dububis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*dubus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dub"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-u"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/dubus",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"black"
],
"id": "en-dubus-cel-pro-adj-wAbH46sU",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "bānos"
},
{
"word": "loukos"
},
{
"word": "windos"
},
{
"word": "ɸleitos"
},
{
"word": "blāros"
},
{
"word": "dubus"
},
{
"word": "roudos"
},
{
"word": "dergos"
},
{
"word": "dusnos"
},
{
"word": "blāwos"
},
{
"word": "melinos"
},
{
"word": "glastos"
},
{
"word": "gurmos"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dubus"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*duβ",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "*duβ\nBreton: du\nCornish: du\nWelsh: du",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Brythonic: *duβ\nBreton: du\nCornish: du\nWelsh: du"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "dub"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: dub",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: dub"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "dubh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: dubh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: dubh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "doo"
},
"expansion": "Manx: doo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: doo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "dubh"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: dubh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: dubh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "deaf"
},
"expansion": "English deaf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black”). Cognate with English deaf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "U-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dubus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubowes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dubuns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dubowom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dububom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dububos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dububim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dububis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*dubus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dub"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-u"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/dubus",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "bānos"
},
{
"word": "loukos"
},
{
"word": "windos"
},
{
"word": "ɸleitos"
},
{
"word": "blāros"
},
{
"word": "dubus"
},
{
"word": "roudos"
},
{
"word": "dergos"
},
{
"word": "dusnos"
},
{
"word": "blāwos"
},
{
"word": "melinos"
},
{
"word": "glastos"
},
{
"word": "gurmos"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Proto-Celtic u-stem adjectives",
"cel-pro:Colors"
],
"glosses": [
"black"
],
"links": [
[
"black",
"black#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dubus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dubus meaning in Proto-Celtic (4.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.