"wobec" meaning in Polish

See wobec in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adverb

IPA: /ˈvɔ.bɛt͡s/, /ˈvɔ.bɛt͡s/ [Middle, Polish]
Rhymes: -ɔbɛt͡s Etymology: Univerbation of w + obec. First attested in the 16th century. Compare Czech vůbec. Etymology templates: {{univ|pl|w|obec}} Univerbation of w + obec, {{etydate/the|16th century}} the 16th century, {{ref|“wobec”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>], 2010-2023|name=}}, {{etydate|16th century|ref=“wobec”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>], 2010-2023}} First attested in the 16th century., {{cog|cs|vůbec}} Czech vůbec Head templates: {{pl-adv|-}} wobec (not comparable)
  1. (obsolete) directly; in someone's presence Tags: not-comparable, obsolete Synonyms: bezpośrednio
    Sense id: en-wobec-pl-adv-9EH3NbIi
  2. (Middle Polish) altogether; in all; together Tags: Middle, Polish, not-comparable Synonyms: ogółem, razem
    Sense id: en-wobec-pl-adv-6UDKlUOy Categories (other): Middle Polish, Polish terms with collocations

Preposition

IPA: /ˈvɔ.bɛt͡s/, /ˈvɔ.bɛt͡s/ [Middle, Polish] Forms: wobec [+genitive] [canonical]
Rhymes: -ɔbɛt͡s Etymology: Univerbation of w + obec. First attested in the 16th century. Compare Czech vůbec. Etymology templates: {{univ|pl|w|obec}} Univerbation of w + obec, {{etydate/the|16th century}} the 16th century, {{ref|“wobec”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>], 2010-2023|name=}}, {{etydate|16th century|ref=“wobec”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>], 2010-2023}} First attested in the 16th century., {{cog|cs|vůbec}} Czech vůbec Head templates: {{head|pl|preposition}} wobec
  1. regarding, concerning, vis-à-vis, in relation to Synonyms: w stosunku do, względem
    Sense id: en-wobec-pl-prep-VGDM2AG6 Categories (other): Polish terms with collocations, Polish prepositions Disambiguation of Polish prepositions: 20 19 22 19 20
  2. denotes a usually negative action aimed at someone; towards, against
    Sense id: en-wobec-pl-prep-GK~BgRM1 Categories (other): Polish prepositions Disambiguation of Polish prepositions: 20 19 22 19 20
  3. in comparison to; vis-à-vis, in relation to
    Sense id: en-wobec-pl-prep-2ic68Hgw Categories (other): Polish prepositions Disambiguation of Polish prepositions: 20 19 22 19 20
  4. in the presence of; vis-à-vis Synonyms: przy
    Sense id: en-wobec-pl-prep-MDxA~70g Categories (other): Polish prepositions Disambiguation of Polish prepositions: 20 19 22 19 20
  5. (obsolete, except in set collocations) because of Tags: obsolete Synonyms: z powodu
    Sense id: en-wobec-pl-prep-Ca1GU7O3 Categories (other): Polish terms with collocations, Polish prepositions Disambiguation of Polish prepositions: 20 19 22 19 20

Download JSON data for wobec meaning in Polish (5.6kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "w",
        "3": "obec"
      },
      "expansion": "Univerbation of w + obec",
      "name": "univ"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 16th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "“wobec”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>], 2010-2023",
        "name": ""
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century",
        "ref": "“wobec”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>], 2010-2023"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16th century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "vůbec"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech vůbec",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Univerbation of w + obec. First attested in the 16th century. Compare Czech vůbec.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wobec [+genitive]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "wobec",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "wo‧bec"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 19 22 19 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Near-synonym: dla"
        },
        {
          "english": "therefor",
          "text": "wobec tego"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "regarding, concerning, vis-à-vis, in relation to"
      ],
      "id": "en-wobec-pl-prep-VGDM2AG6",
      "links": [
        [
          "regarding",
          "regarding"
        ],
        [
          "concerning",
          "concerning"
        ],
        [
          "vis-à-vis",
          "vis-à-vis"
        ],
        [
          "in relation to",
          "in relation to"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "w stosunku do"
        },
        {
          "word": "względem"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 19 22 19 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Near-synonym: w obliczu"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes a usually negative action aimed at someone; towards, against"
      ],
      "id": "en-wobec-pl-prep-GK~BgRM1",
      "links": [
        [
          "towards",
          "towards"
        ],
        [
          "against",
          "against"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 19 22 19 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Near-synonym: w porównaniu z"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in comparison to; vis-à-vis, in relation to"
      ],
      "id": "en-wobec-pl-prep-2ic68Hgw",
      "links": [
        [
          "in comparison to",
          "in comparison to"
        ],
        [
          "vis-à-vis",
          "vis-à-vis"
        ],
        [
          "in relation to",
          "in relation to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 19 22 19 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in the presence of; vis-à-vis"
      ],
      "id": "en-wobec-pl-prep-MDxA~70g",
      "links": [
        [
          "in the presence of",
          "in the presence of"
        ],
        [
          "vis-à-vis",
          "vis-à-vis"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "przy"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 19 22 19 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "for this reason",
          "text": "wobec powyższego"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "because of"
      ],
      "id": "en-wobec-pl-prep-Ca1GU7O3",
      "links": [
        [
          "because of",
          "because of"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "except in set collocations",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, except in set collocations) because of"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "z powodu"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɔ.bɛt͡s/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɔ.bɛt͡s/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔbɛt͡s"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wobec"
}

{
  "categories": [],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "w",
        "3": "obec"
      },
      "expansion": "Univerbation of w + obec",
      "name": "univ"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 16th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "“wobec”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>], 2010-2023",
        "name": ""
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century",
        "ref": "“wobec”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>], 2010-2023"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16th century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "vůbec"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech vůbec",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Univerbation of w + obec. First attested in the 16th century. Compare Czech vůbec.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "wobec (not comparable)",
      "name": "pl-adv"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "wo‧bec"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "directly; in someone's presence"
      ],
      "id": "en-wobec-pl-adv-9EH3NbIi",
      "links": [
        [
          "directly",
          "directly"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone"
        ],
        [
          "presence",
          "presence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) directly; in someone's presence"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bezpośrednio"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to each and everyone",
          "text": "wszem i wobec"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "altogether; in all; together"
      ],
      "id": "en-wobec-pl-adv-6UDKlUOy",
      "links": [
        [
          "altogether",
          "altogether"
        ],
        [
          "in all",
          "in all"
        ],
        [
          "together",
          "together"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) altogether; in all; together"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ogółem"
        },
        {
          "word": "razem"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɔ.bɛt͡s/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɔ.bɛt͡s/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔbɛt͡s"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wobec"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish adverbs",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish prepositions",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Polish uncomparable adverbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔbɛt͡s",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔbɛt͡s/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "w",
        "3": "obec"
      },
      "expansion": "Univerbation of w + obec",
      "name": "univ"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 16th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "“wobec”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>], 2010-2023",
        "name": ""
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century",
        "ref": "“wobec”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>], 2010-2023"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16th century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "vůbec"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech vůbec",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Univerbation of w + obec. First attested in the 16th century. Compare Czech vůbec.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "wobec [+genitive]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "wobec",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "wo‧bec"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Near-synonym: dla"
        },
        {
          "english": "therefor",
          "text": "wobec tego"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "regarding, concerning, vis-à-vis, in relation to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "regarding",
          "regarding"
        ],
        [
          "concerning",
          "concerning"
        ],
        [
          "vis-à-vis",
          "vis-à-vis"
        ],
        [
          "in relation to",
          "in relation to"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "w stosunku do"
        },
        {
          "word": "względem"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Near-synonym: w obliczu"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes a usually negative action aimed at someone; towards, against"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "towards",
          "towards"
        ],
        [
          "against",
          "against"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Near-synonym: w porównaniu z"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in comparison to; vis-à-vis, in relation to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in comparison to",
          "in comparison to"
        ],
        [
          "vis-à-vis",
          "vis-à-vis"
        ],
        [
          "in relation to",
          "in relation to"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in the presence of; vis-à-vis"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in the presence of",
          "in the presence of"
        ],
        [
          "vis-à-vis",
          "vis-à-vis"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "przy"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with collocations",
        "Polish terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "for this reason",
          "text": "wobec powyższego"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "because of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "because of",
          "because of"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "except in set collocations",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, except in set collocations) because of"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "z powodu"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɔ.bɛt͡s/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɔ.bɛt͡s/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔbɛt͡s"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wobec"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish adverbs",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Polish uncomparable adverbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔbɛt͡s",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔbɛt͡s/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "w",
        "3": "obec"
      },
      "expansion": "Univerbation of w + obec",
      "name": "univ"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 16th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "“wobec”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>], 2010-2023",
        "name": ""
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century",
        "ref": "“wobec”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>], 2010-2023"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16th century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "vůbec"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech vůbec",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Univerbation of w + obec. First attested in the 16th century. Compare Czech vůbec.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "wobec (not comparable)",
      "name": "pl-adv"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "wo‧bec"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "directly; in someone's presence"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "directly",
          "directly"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone"
        ],
        [
          "presence",
          "presence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) directly; in someone's presence"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bezpośrednio"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish",
        "Polish terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to each and everyone",
          "text": "wszem i wobec"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "altogether; in all; together"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "altogether",
          "altogether"
        ],
        [
          "in all",
          "in all"
        ],
        [
          "together",
          "together"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) altogether; in all; together"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ogółem"
        },
        {
          "word": "razem"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɔ.bɛt͡s/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɔ.bɛt͡s/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔbɛt͡s"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wobec"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.