See top in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ang",
"4": "gmw-pro",
"5": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "top"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English top",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "tupet"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of tupet",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English top. Doublet of tupet.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "topy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "top m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"top"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sailing",
"orig": "pl:Sailing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 32 14 31",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "pl:Ship parts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"top (the upper end of a mast)"
],
"id": "en-top-pl-noun-L99-6VgO",
"links": [
[
"sailing",
"sailing#Noun"
],
[
"top",
"top#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sailing) top (the upper end of a mast)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"sailing",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 13 49 23",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "pl:Clothing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 32 14 31",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "pl:Ship parts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"top (garment worn to cover the torso)"
],
"id": "en-top-pl-noun-CZNgTWMn",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔp"
}
],
"word": "top"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ang",
"4": "gmw-pro",
"5": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "top"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English top",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "tupet"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of tupet",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English top. Doublet of tupet.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"adv": "-"
},
"expansion": "top (not comparable, no derived adverb)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"top"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 4 4 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 2 1 2 2 0 2 1 3 0 3 3 1 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 3 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 30 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 4 4 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 2 1 2 2 0 3 1 3 0 3 3 1 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 26 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 33 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 26 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 29 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 32 14 31",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "pl:Ship parts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"top notch (very good; of the highest level or quality)"
],
"id": "en-top-pl-adj-OcS3VTWd",
"links": [
[
"top notch",
"top notch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) top notch (very good; of the highest level or quality)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "modny"
},
{
"word": "popularny"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔp"
}
],
"word": "top"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "top",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"top"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 32 14 31",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "pl:Ship parts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "topić"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of topić"
],
"id": "en-top-pl-verb-muqzFg-D",
"links": [
[
"topić",
"topić#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔp"
}
],
"word": "top"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 30 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish adjectives",
"Polish doublets",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from English",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms derived from Middle English",
"Polish terms derived from Old English",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish uncomparable adjectives",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔp",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔp/1 syllable",
"pl:Clothing",
"pl:Ship parts"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ang",
"4": "gmw-pro",
"5": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "top"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English top",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "tupet"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of tupet",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English top. Doublet of tupet.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "topy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "top m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"top"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"pl:Sailing"
],
"glosses": [
"top (the upper end of a mast)"
],
"links": [
[
"sailing",
"sailing#Noun"
],
[
"top",
"top#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sailing) top (the upper end of a mast)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"sailing",
"transport"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"top (garment worn to cover the torso)"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔp"
}
],
"word": "top"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 30 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish adjectives",
"Polish doublets",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from English",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms derived from Middle English",
"Polish terms derived from Old English",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish uncomparable adjectives",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔp",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔp/1 syllable",
"pl:Clothing",
"pl:Ship parts"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ang",
"4": "gmw-pro",
"5": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "top"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English top",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "tupet"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of tupet",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English top. Doublet of tupet.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"adv": "-"
},
"expansion": "top (not comparable, no derived adverb)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"top"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish slang"
],
"glosses": [
"top notch (very good; of the highest level or quality)"
],
"links": [
[
"top notch",
"top notch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) top notch (very good; of the highest level or quality)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "modny"
},
{
"word": "popularny"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔp"
}
],
"word": "top"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 30 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔp",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔp/1 syllable",
"pl:Clothing",
"pl:Ship parts"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "top",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"top"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "topić"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of topić"
],
"links": [
[
"topić",
"topić#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔp"
}
],
"word": "top"
}
Download raw JSONL data for top meaning in Polish (6.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: no derived adverb",
"path": [
"top"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "top",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.