See sumny in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "uk:сумни́й<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1915), “sumny”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite> (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 512</span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Brückner, Aleksander (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1927), “sumienie”, in <cite>Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language</cite>] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna</span></span>>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nUkrainian сумни́й (sumnýj)bor.\nPolish sumny\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ukrainian\", \"term\" : \"сумни́й\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"uk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"sumny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"sumny\">\nBorrowed from Ukrainian сумни́й (sumnýj).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "s-",
"3": "um",
"4": "-ny"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, s- + um + -ny",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nUkrainian сумни́й (sumnýj)bor.\nPolish sumny\nBorrowed from Ukrainian сумни́й (sumnýj). By surface analysis, s- + um + -ny.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumniejszy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najsumniejszy",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnie",
"tags": [
"adverb",
"derived"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sumny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "sumne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "sumne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sumniejszy",
"adv": "sumnie"
},
"expansion": "sumny (comparative sumniejszy, superlative najsumniejszy, derived adverb sumnie)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sum‧ny"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sum‧ny"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms prefixed with s-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "pl:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"doleful, gloomy, sullen"
],
"id": "en-sumny-pl-adj-rNuvnPnu",
"links": [
[
"doleful",
"doleful"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"sullen",
"sullen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) doleful, gloomy, sullen"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "zdumiony"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "zdumiałość"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "zdumienie"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zdumić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zdumiewać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zdumieć"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pochmurny"
},
{
"word": "posępny"
},
{
"word": "smętny"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsum.nɘ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umnɘ"
}
],
"word": "sumny"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "uk:сумни́й<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1915), “sumny”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite> (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 512</span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Brückner, Aleksander (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1927), “sumienie”, in <cite>Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language</cite>] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna</span></span>>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nUkrainian сумни́й (sumnýj)bor.\nPolish sumny\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ukrainian\", \"term\" : \"сумни́й\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"uk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"sumny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"sumny\">\nBorrowed from Ukrainian сумни́й (sumnýj).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "s-",
"3": "um",
"4": "-ny"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, s- + um + -ny",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nUkrainian сумни́й (sumnýj)bor.\nPolish sumny\nBorrowed from Ukrainian сумни́й (sumnýj). By surface analysis, s- + um + -ny.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumniejszy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najsumniejszy",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnie",
"tags": [
"adverb",
"derived"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sumny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "sumne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "sumne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sumnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sumniejszy",
"adv": "sumnie"
},
"expansion": "sumny (comparative sumniejszy, superlative najsumniejszy, derived adverb sumnie)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sum‧ny"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sum‧ny"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "zdumiony"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "zdumiałość"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "zdumienie"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zdumić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zdumiewać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zdumieć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish adjectives",
"Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish hard adjectives",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms borrowed from Ukrainian",
"Polish terms derived from Ukrainian",
"Polish terms prefixed with s-",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"Rhymes:Polish/umnɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/umnɘ/2 syllables",
"pl:Emotions"
],
"glosses": [
"doleful, gloomy, sullen"
],
"links": [
[
"doleful",
"doleful"
],
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"sullen",
"sullen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) doleful, gloomy, sullen"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pochmurny"
},
{
"word": "posępny"
},
{
"word": "smętny"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsum.nɘ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umnɘ"
}
],
"word": "sumny"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sumny meaning in Polish (6.3kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
"path": [
"sumny"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "sumny",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative/vocative'",
"path": [
"sumny"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "sumny",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.