See start in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "falstart"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "startować"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "startowy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:start<id:beginning>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-West Germanic *sturtijan\nOld English styrtan\nMiddle English stertendeverb.\nMiddle English stert\nEnglish startbor.\nPolish start\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"beginning\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"start\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"deverb.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Deverbal from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sturtijan\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"styrtan\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"sterten\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"deverbal\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"stert\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"start\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"start\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"start\">\nBorrowed from English start.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-West Germanic *sturtijan\nOld English styrtan\nMiddle English stertendeverb.\nMiddle English stert\nEnglish startbor.\nPolish start\nBorrowed from English start.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "start",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "starty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "startu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "startów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "startowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "startom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "start",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "starty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "startem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "startami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "starcie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "startach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "starcie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "starty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "start m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"start"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"start"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "pl:Sports",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "45 46 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 46 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 44 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 53 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 47 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"start (beginning of a race)"
],
"id": "en-start-pl-noun-a24rhzPw",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"start",
"start#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) start (beginning of a race)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Aviation",
"orig": "pl:Aviation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "45 46 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 46 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 44 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 53 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 55 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 63 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 47 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
36
]
],
"english": "I was impatiently waiting for the plane to Paris to take off/for its take-off.",
"text": "Z niecierpliwością czekałam na start samolotu do Paryża.",
"translation": "I was impatiently waiting for the plane to Paris to take off/for its take-off.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"takeoff"
],
"id": "en-start-pl-noun-JK5plhf6",
"links": [
[
"aviation",
"aviation"
],
[
"takeoff",
"takeoff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(aviation) takeoff"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"aeronautics",
"aerospace",
"aviation",
"business",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
57,
62
]
],
"english": "Most fans were happy to hear that he had decided to take part in the competition.",
"text": "Większość kibiców ucieszyła się, że zdecydował się on na start w zawodach.",
"translation": "Most fans were happy to hear that he had decided to take part in the competition.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"participation"
],
"id": "en-start-pl-noun-PqOPwyCV",
"links": [
[
"participation",
"participation"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstart/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-art"
}
],
"word": "start"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from English",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms derived from Middle English",
"Polish terms derived from Old English",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/art",
"Rhymes:Polish/art/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "falstart"
},
{
"word": "startować"
},
{
"word": "startowy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:start<id:beginning>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-West Germanic *sturtijan\nOld English styrtan\nMiddle English stertendeverb.\nMiddle English stert\nEnglish startbor.\nPolish start\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"beginning\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"start\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"deverb.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Deverbal from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sturtijan\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"styrtan\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"sterten\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"deverbal\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"stert\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"start\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"start\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"start\">\nBorrowed from English start.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-West Germanic *sturtijan\nOld English styrtan\nMiddle English stertendeverb.\nMiddle English stert\nEnglish startbor.\nPolish start\nBorrowed from English start.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "start",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "starty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "startu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "startów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "startowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "startom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "start",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "starty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "startem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "startami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "starcie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "startach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "starcie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "starty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "start m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"start"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"start"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"pl:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"start (beginning of a race)"
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"start",
"start#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) start (beginning of a race)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples",
"pl:Aviation"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
36
]
],
"english": "I was impatiently waiting for the plane to Paris to take off/for its take-off.",
"text": "Z niecierpliwością czekałam na start samolotu do Paryża.",
"translation": "I was impatiently waiting for the plane to Paris to take off/for its take-off.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"takeoff"
],
"links": [
[
"aviation",
"aviation"
],
[
"takeoff",
"takeoff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(aviation) takeoff"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"aeronautics",
"aerospace",
"aviation",
"business",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
57,
62
]
],
"english": "Most fans were happy to hear that he had decided to take part in the competition.",
"text": "Większość kibiców ucieszyła się, że zdecydował się on na start w zawodach.",
"translation": "Most fans were happy to hear that he had decided to take part in the competition.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"participation"
],
"links": [
[
"participation",
"participation"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstart/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-art"
}
],
"word": "start"
}
Download raw JSONL data for start meaning in Polish (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.