See psi in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*pьsьjь",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *pь̀sъ\nProto-Slavic *-ьjь\nProto-Slavic *pьsьjь\nPolish psi\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"psi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"psi\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsьjь.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "pies",
"3": "-i"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, pies + -i",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *pь̀sъ\nProto-Slavic *-ьjь\nProto-Slavic *pьsьjь\nPolish psi\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsьjь. By surface analysis, pies + -i.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "psi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "psie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "psiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "psich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "psiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "psim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "psiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psią",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "psie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "psim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psią",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "psimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "psim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "psich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"adv": "-"
},
"expansion": "psi (not comparable, no derived adverb)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"psi"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"psi"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Podegrodzie Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 47 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -i",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psia pogoda"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psie pieniądze"
}
],
"glosses": [
"canine, dog"
],
"id": "en-psi-pl-adj-aY6EmLC1",
"links": [
[
"canine",
"canine"
],
[
"dog",
"dog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) canine, dog"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "psocić"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psota"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psotnica"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psotnik"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pieski"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "sobaczy"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"relational"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɕi/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɕi]",
"note": "Podegrodzie"
},
{
"rhymes": "-i"
}
],
"word": "psi"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "grc:ψῖ",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ψῖ\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"psi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"psi\">\nLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek ψῖ (psî).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ψῖ (psî).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"indecl": "yes"
},
"expansion": "psi n (indeclinable)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"psi"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"psi"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 30 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 47 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 90",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Greek letter names",
"orig": "pl:Greek letter names",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"psi (Greek letter Ψ, ψ)"
],
"id": "en-psi-pl-noun-~RKBFI16",
"links": [
[
"psi",
"psi#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpsi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-i"
}
],
"word": "psi"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onom"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Near Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 70 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Near Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 51 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish animal commands",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 47 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "a cucu"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psina"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psinka"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to call young dogs"
],
"id": "en-psi-pl-intj-vLRrr0xH",
"links": [
[
"young",
"young#English"
],
[
"dog",
"dog#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "Near Masovian",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Near Masovian, often repeated) used to call young dogs"
],
"tags": [
"often",
"repeated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɕi]",
"note": "Near Masovian"
}
],
"word": "psi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Near Masovian Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Podegrodzie Polish",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish adjectives",
"Polish animal commands",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish interjections",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish onomatopoeias",
"Polish soft adjectives",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms suffixed with -i",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish uncomparable adjectives",
"Rhymes:Polish/i",
"Rhymes:Polish/i/1 syllable",
"pl:Greek letter names"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psia pogoda"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psie pieniądze"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*pьsьjь",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *pь̀sъ\nProto-Slavic *-ьjь\nProto-Slavic *pьsьjь\nPolish psi\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"psi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"psi\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsьjь.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "pies",
"3": "-i"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, pies + -i",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *pь̀sъ\nProto-Slavic *-ьjь\nProto-Slavic *pьsьjь\nPolish psi\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsьjь. By surface analysis, pies + -i.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "psi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "psie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "psiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "psich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "psiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "psim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "psiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psią",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "psie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "psim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psią",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "psimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "psim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "psich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"adv": "-"
},
"expansion": "psi (not comparable, no derived adverb)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"psi"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"psi"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "psocić"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psota"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psotnica"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psotnik"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish relational adjectives"
],
"glosses": [
"canine, dog"
],
"links": [
[
"canine",
"canine"
],
[
"dog",
"dog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) canine, dog"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pieski"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "sobaczy"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"relational"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɕi/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɕi]",
"note": "Podegrodzie"
},
{
"rhymes": "-i"
}
],
"word": "psi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Near Masovian Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish animal commands",
"Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish interjections",
"Polish learned borrowings from Ancient Greek",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish neuter nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish onomatopoeias",
"Polish terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/i",
"Rhymes:Polish/i/1 syllable",
"pl:Greek letter names"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "grc:ψῖ",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ψῖ\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"psi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"psi\">\nLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek ψῖ (psî).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ψῖ (psî).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"indecl": "yes"
},
"expansion": "psi n (indeclinable)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"psi"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"psi"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"psi (Greek letter Ψ, ψ)"
],
"links": [
[
"psi",
"psi#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpsi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-i"
}
],
"word": "psi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Near Masovian Polish",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish animal commands",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish interjections",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish onomatopoeias",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"pl:Greek letter names"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psina"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psinka"
}
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onom"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Near Masovian Polish"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "a cucu"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to call young dogs"
],
"links": [
[
"young",
"young#English"
],
[
"dog",
"dog#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "Near Masovian",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Near Masovian, often repeated) used to call young dogs"
],
"tags": [
"often",
"repeated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɕi]",
"note": "Near Masovian"
}
],
"word": "psi"
}
Download raw JSONL data for psi meaning in Polish (8.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: no derived adverb",
"path": [
"psi"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "psi",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
"path": [
"psi"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "psi",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative/vocative'",
"path": [
"psi"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "psi",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.