See niż in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for niż meaning in Polish (17.7kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
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},
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{
"args": {
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"3": "niż",
"4": "",
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
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"pos": "",
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"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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},
{
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"2": "pl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "ż(e)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + że|ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + że|ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 0 11 10 15 3 14 10 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
"_dis": "18 0 21 26 18 17",
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},
{
"_dis": "16 11 13 23 15 22",
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},
{
"_dis": "18 0 21 26 18 17",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You saw among them figures more similar to bandits than to herders: cruel, frightening, covered in the rags of diverse outfits.",
"ref": "1901 (first published 1884), Henryk Sienkiewicz, Ogniem i Mieczem, Gebethner i Wolff, book 1, chapter 2",
"text": "Spostrzegałeś między nimi postacie podobniejsze do zbójów, niż do pasterzy, okrutne, straszne, pokryte łachmanami rozmaitych ubiorów.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "[They] preferred to go out in chaikas on the Black Sea rather than get married or look after farms.",
"ref": "1901 (first published 1884), Henryk Sienkiewicz, Ogniem i Mieczem, Gebethner i Wolff, book 1, chapter 4",
"text": "...woleli puszczać się czajkami na Czarne morze, niż żenić się lub gospodarstwa pilnować.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "...I understood that there was happening in my life a change of direction which was leading me towards something greater than the words that I was reading.",
"ref": "2010, Murray Bodo, translated by Małgorzata Bortnowska, Mistycy: Odkrywcy Bożych Dróg, Kraków: Wydawnictwo M, archived from the original on 2022-08-24, page 178",
"text": "...zrozumiałem, że w moim życiu następuje zwrot, który kieruje mnie ku czemuś większemu niż słowa, które czytam.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Then he goes and brings with him seven other spirits worse than he himself, and having gone in, they live there.",
"ref": "2013, Updated Gdańsk Bible, archived from the original on 2022-08-24, Matthew 12:45",
"text": "Wówczas idzie i bierze ze sobą siedem innych duchów gorszych niż on sam i wszedłszy, mieszkają tam.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "As for the rest, because of the circumstances, I must have been mistaken much more often than I would dream of...",
"ref": "2018, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, translated by Maciej Wąs, Nowe Jeruzalem, 2nd edition, Chesterton Polska, page 20",
"text": "Co do reszty, musiałem, ze względu na okoliczności, mylić się znacznie częściej, niż bym to sobie wymarzył...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison; than"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-conj-hHNx~vUD",
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "aniżeliby"
},
{
"word": "niżby"
},
{
"word": "niźli"
},
{
"word": "niźliby"
},
{
"word": "niżeli"
},
{
"word": "niżeliby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 11 13 23 15 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-conj-bbfYA-dP",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) before"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zanim"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
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},
{
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{
"_dis": "18 0 21 26 18 17",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "16 11 13 23 15 22",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 21 26 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a contrastive clause; not only; but, however"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-conj-wbwzFfzV",
"links": [
[
"not only",
"not only"
],
[
"but",
"but"
],
[
"however",
"however"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) introduces a contrastive clause; not only; but, however"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "",
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{
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},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
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},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "ż(e)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + że|ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + że|ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 0 11 10 15 3 14 10 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 21 26 18 17",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "16 11 13 23 15 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 21 26 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "London is bigger than Warsaw.",
"text": "Londyn jest większy niż Warszawa.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a comparison; than"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-prep-68WThwJk",
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "aniżeliby"
},
{
"word": "od"
},
{
"word": "niżby"
},
{
"word": "niźli"
},
{
"word": "niźliby"
},
{
"word": "niżeli"
},
{
"word": "niżeliby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Inherited",
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{
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"id": "",
"lit": "",
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"pos": "",
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},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "ż(e)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + że|ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + że|ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bardziej niż"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "więcej niż"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 0 11 10 15 3 14 10 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 21 26 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 11 13 23 15 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 21 26 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"only, just, merely"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-particle-Si1LELzB",
"links": [
[
"only",
"only"
],
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"merely",
"merely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) only, just, merely"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tylko"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
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"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 21 26 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 11 13 23 15 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 21 26 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-particle-xvbE2kAR",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "niże"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "neż"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "nież"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "low"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*nizъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *nizъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*nizъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1582"
},
"expansion": "1582",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “niz, niż”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>",
"name": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1582",
"ref": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “niz, niż”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1582.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъ. First attested in 1582.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "niż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "niż m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "niżów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "wyż"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Meteorology",
"orig": "pl:Meteorology",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Earth sciences",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"depression, low (area of lowered air pressure)"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-noun-AkaPuHD9",
"links": [
[
"meteorology",
"meteorology"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(meteorology) depression, low (area of lowered air pressure)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "depresja"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Geography",
"orig": "pl:Geography",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 0 11 10 15 3 14 10 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 53 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 56 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 56 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 0 10 8 23 3 12 9 11 6 6",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "pl:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"depression, lowland (low area)"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-noun-6Snsrdyw",
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"lowland",
"lowland"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) depression, lowland (low area)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "depresja"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "wyż"
}
],
"glosses": [
"depression, low (lowest level of something)"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-noun-4jsfXKhs",
"links": [
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "niz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "niżyć"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of niżyć"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-verb-fiUF-nkK",
"links": [
[
"niżyć",
"niżyć#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "nizać"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of nizać"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-verb-iwAo9U0M",
"links": [
[
"nizać",
"nizać#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish particles",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish univerbations",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "than"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "ż(e)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + że|ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + że|ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You saw among them figures more similar to bandits than to herders: cruel, frightening, covered in the rags of diverse outfits.",
"ref": "1901 (first published 1884), Henryk Sienkiewicz, Ogniem i Mieczem, Gebethner i Wolff, book 1, chapter 2",
"text": "Spostrzegałeś między nimi postacie podobniejsze do zbójów, niż do pasterzy, okrutne, straszne, pokryte łachmanami rozmaitych ubiorów.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "[They] preferred to go out in chaikas on the Black Sea rather than get married or look after farms.",
"ref": "1901 (first published 1884), Henryk Sienkiewicz, Ogniem i Mieczem, Gebethner i Wolff, book 1, chapter 4",
"text": "...woleli puszczać się czajkami na Czarne morze, niż żenić się lub gospodarstwa pilnować.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "...I understood that there was happening in my life a change of direction which was leading me towards something greater than the words that I was reading.",
"ref": "2010, Murray Bodo, translated by Małgorzata Bortnowska, Mistycy: Odkrywcy Bożych Dróg, Kraków: Wydawnictwo M, archived from the original on 2022-08-24, page 178",
"text": "...zrozumiałem, że w moim życiu następuje zwrot, który kieruje mnie ku czemuś większemu niż słowa, które czytam.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Then he goes and brings with him seven other spirits worse than he himself, and having gone in, they live there.",
"ref": "2013, Updated Gdańsk Bible, archived from the original on 2022-08-24, Matthew 12:45",
"text": "Wówczas idzie i bierze ze sobą siedem innych duchów gorszych niż on sam i wszedłszy, mieszkają tam.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "As for the rest, because of the circumstances, I must have been mistaken much more often than I would dream of...",
"ref": "2018, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, translated by Maciej Wąs, Nowe Jeruzalem, 2nd edition, Chesterton Polska, page 20",
"text": "Co do reszty, musiałem, ze względu na okoliczności, mylić się znacznie częściej, niż bym to sobie wymarzył...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison; than"
],
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "aniżeliby"
},
{
"word": "niżby"
},
{
"word": "niźli"
},
{
"word": "niźliby"
},
{
"word": "niżeli"
},
{
"word": "niżeliby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) before"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zanim"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a contrastive clause; not only; but, however"
],
"links": [
[
"not only",
"not only"
],
[
"but",
"but"
],
[
"however",
"however"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) introduces a contrastive clause; not only; but, however"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish particles",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish univerbations",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "than"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "ż(e)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + że|ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + że|ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "London is bigger than Warsaw.",
"text": "Londyn jest większy niż Warszawa.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a comparison; than"
],
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "aniżeliby"
},
{
"word": "od"
},
{
"word": "niżby"
},
{
"word": "niźli"
},
{
"word": "niźliby"
},
{
"word": "niżeli"
},
{
"word": "niżeliby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish particles",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish univerbations",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "than"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "ż(e)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + że|ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + że|ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "bardziej niż"
},
{
"word": "więcej niż"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"only, just, merely"
],
"links": [
[
"only",
"only"
],
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"merely",
"merely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) only, just, merely"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tylko"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niże"
},
{
"word": "neż"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "nież"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "low"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*nizъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *nizъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*nizъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1582"
},
"expansion": "1582",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “niz, niż”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>",
"name": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1582",
"ref": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “niz, niż”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1582.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъ. First attested in 1582.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "niż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "niż m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "niżów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "wyż"
}
],
"categories": [
"pl:Meteorology"
],
"glosses": [
"depression, low (area of lowered air pressure)"
],
"links": [
[
"meteorology",
"meteorology"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(meteorology) depression, low (area of lowered air pressure)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "depresja"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Geography"
],
"glosses": [
"depression, lowland (low area)"
],
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"lowland",
"lowland"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) depression, lowland (low area)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "depresja"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "wyż"
}
],
"glosses": [
"depression, low (lowest level of something)"
],
"links": [
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "niz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "niżyć"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of niżyć"
],
"links": [
[
"niżyć",
"niżyć#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "nizać"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of nizać"
],
"links": [
[
"nizać",
"nizać#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.