See kula in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ку́ля",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: ку́ля (kúlja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: ку́ля (kúlja)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пу́ля",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "with sound changes"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: пу́ля (púlja) (with sound changes)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: пу́ля (púlja) (with sound changes)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ку́ля",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: ку́ля (kúlja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: ку́ля (kúlja)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "kūle",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Middle High German kūle",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kugel"
},
"expansion": "German Kugel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Keule"
},
"expansion": "German Keule",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Apparently borrowed from Middle High German kūle. In most senses cognate with German Kugel, in the sense “crutch” cognate with German Keule.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kulka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "kulka"
},
"expansion": "kula f (diminutive kulka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ku‧la"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ku",
"2": "l",
"genp": "kul/kuli"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "piłka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kłębek"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 18 1 22 22 9 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 29 1 24 14 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 1 24 17 6 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 25 1 24 16 6 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "snowball",
"text": "kula śnieżna",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ball (spherical object)"
],
"id": "en-kula-pl-noun-bgJ1O1qN",
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Geometry",
"orig": "pl:Geometry",
"parents": [
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "pl:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Topology",
"orig": "pl:Topology",
"parents": [
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 18 1 22 22 9 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 29 1 24 14 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 1 24 17 6 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 25 1 24 16 6 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ball"
],
"id": "en-kula-pl-noun-6d4IJj9K",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"geometry",
"geometry"
],
[
"topology",
"topology"
],
[
"ball",
"ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics, geometry, topology) ball"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"geometry",
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"topology"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bullet"
],
"id": "en-kula-pl-noun-7RLrIAAP",
"links": [
[
"bullet",
"bullet"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 18 1 22 22 9 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 29 1 24 14 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 1 24 17 6 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 25 1 24 16 6 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to walk on crutches",
"text": "chodzić o kulach",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crutch"
],
"id": "en-kula-pl-noun-dKvYwVhw",
"links": [
[
"crutch",
"crutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "pl:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 18 1 22 22 9 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 29 1 24 14 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 1 24 17 6 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 25 1 24 16 6 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "shot put",
"text": "pchnięcie kulą",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shot (the heavy iron ball)"
],
"id": "en-kula-pl-noun-un~g1eMm",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"shot",
"shot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) shot (the heavy iron ball)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Greater Poland Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chełmno Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Greater Poland Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of głowa"
],
"id": "en-kula-pl-noun-1tL4pywP",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"głowa",
"głowa#Polish"
]
],
"qualifier": "Central Greater Poland; humorous or Western Greater Poland; Central Greater Poland; humorous or Western Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Central Greater Poland, humorous or Western Greater Poland, Chełmno, figuratively) Synonym of głowa"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "głowa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kociewie Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 18 1 22 22 9 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 29 1 24 14 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 1 24 17 6 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 25 1 24 16 6 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crooked stick with which a village head convenes a village"
],
"id": "en-kula-pl-noun-bAbvX68w",
"links": [
[
"crook",
"crook"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
],
[
"village",
"village"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"convene",
"convene"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kociewie) crooked stick with which a village head convenes a village"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.la/",
"note": "Kociewie"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.la/",
"note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.la/",
"note": "Western Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.la/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
},
{
"homophone": "Kula"
}
],
"word": "kula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 26 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ula",
"Rhymes:Polish/ula/2 syllables",
"Zacatepec Chatino entries with incorrect language header",
"Zacatepec Chatino lemmas",
"Zacatepec Chatino nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ку́ля",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: ку́ля (kúlja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: ку́ля (kúlja)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пу́ля",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "with sound changes"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: пу́ля (púlja) (with sound changes)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: пу́ля (púlja) (with sound changes)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ку́ля",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: ку́ля (kúlja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: ку́ля (kúlja)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "kūle",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Middle High German kūle",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kugel"
},
"expansion": "German Kugel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Keule"
},
"expansion": "German Keule",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Apparently borrowed from Middle High German kūle. In most senses cognate with German Kugel, in the sense “crutch” cognate with German Keule.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kulka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "kulka"
},
"expansion": "kula f (diminutive kulka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ku‧la"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ku",
"2": "l",
"genp": "kul/kuli"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "piłka"
},
{
"word": "kłębek"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "snowball",
"text": "kula śnieżna",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ball (spherical object)"
],
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Geometry",
"pl:Mathematics",
"pl:Topology"
],
"glosses": [
"ball"
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"geometry",
"geometry"
],
[
"topology",
"topology"
],
[
"ball",
"ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics, geometry, topology) ball"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"geometry",
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"topology"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bullet"
],
"links": [
[
"bullet",
"bullet"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to walk on crutches",
"text": "chodzić o kulach",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crutch"
],
"links": [
[
"crutch",
"crutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations",
"pl:Sports"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "shot put",
"text": "pchnięcie kulą",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shot (the heavy iron ball)"
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"shot",
"shot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) shot (the heavy iron ball)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Central Greater Poland Polish",
"Chełmno Polish",
"Polish humorous terms",
"Western Greater Poland Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of głowa"
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"głowa",
"głowa#Polish"
]
],
"qualifier": "Central Greater Poland; humorous or Western Greater Poland; Central Greater Poland; humorous or Western Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Central Greater Poland, humorous or Western Greater Poland, Chełmno, figuratively) Synonym of głowa"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "głowa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Kociewie Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"crooked stick with which a village head convenes a village"
],
"links": [
[
"crook",
"crook"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
],
[
"village",
"village"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"convene",
"convene"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kociewie) crooked stick with which a village head convenes a village"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.la/",
"note": "Kociewie"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.la/",
"note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.la/",
"note": "Western Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.la/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
},
{
"homophone": "Kula"
}
],
"word": "kula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kula meaning in Polish (5.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Central Greater Poland, humorous or Western Greater Poland, Chełmno, figuratively",
"path": [
"kula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Central Greater Poland, humorous or Western Greater Poland, Chełmno, figuratively",
"path": [
"kula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Kociewie",
"path": [
"kula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Kociewie",
"path": [
"kula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kula",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.