See kresy in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kres",
"3": "-y"
},
"expansion": "kres + -y",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From kres + -y.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nv-p"
},
"expansion": "kresy nvir pl",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kre‧sy"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"lemma": "kres",
"tantum": "p"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 14 24 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 7 14 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 14 32 15",
"kind": "other",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish pluralia tantum",
"parents": [
"Pluralia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -y",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 6 12 7",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Places",
"orig": "pl:Places",
"parents": [
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0 0",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Poland",
"orig": "pl:Poland",
"parents": [
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kresowy"
},
{
"word": "Kresy Wschodnie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"borderland, frontier"
],
"id": "en-kresy-pl-noun-mJ1PiaA7",
"links": [
[
"borderland",
"borderland"
],
[
"frontier",
"frontier"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly of the eastern borders of Poland) borderland, frontier"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of the eastern borders of Poland"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kresowizm"
},
{
"word": "kresowość"
}
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɛ.sɘ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛsɘ"
}
],
"word": "kresy"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "kresy m inan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kre‧sy"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kres"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative plural of kres"
],
"id": "en-kresy-pl-noun-VbfcYmFW",
"links": [
[
"kres",
"kres#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɛ.sɘ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛsɘ"
}
],
"word": "kresy"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "kresy f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kre‧sy"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kresa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of kresa:",
"genitive singular"
],
"id": "en-kresy-pl-noun-o7ebmjzK",
"links": [
[
"kresa",
"kresa#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kresa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of kresa:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative plural"
],
"id": "en-kresy-pl-noun-~mhKThdh",
"links": [
[
"kresa",
"kresa#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɛ.sɘ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛsɘ"
}
],
"word": "kresy"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish nonvirile nouns",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish pluralia tantum",
"Polish terms suffixed with -y",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛsɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛsɘ/2 syllables",
"pl:Places",
"pl:Poland"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kresowy"
},
{
"word": "Kresy Wschodnie"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kres",
"3": "-y"
},
"expansion": "kres + -y",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From kres + -y.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nv-p"
},
"expansion": "kresy nvir pl",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kre‧sy"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"lemma": "kres",
"tantum": "p"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kresowizm"
},
{
"word": "kresowość"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"borderland, frontier"
],
"links": [
[
"borderland",
"borderland"
],
[
"frontier",
"frontier"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly of the eastern borders of Poland) borderland, frontier"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of the eastern borders of Poland"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɛ.sɘ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛsɘ"
}
],
"word": "kresy"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛsɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛsɘ/2 syllables",
"pl:Places",
"pl:Poland"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "kresy m inan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kre‧sy"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kres"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative plural of kres"
],
"links": [
[
"kres",
"kres#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɛ.sɘ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛsɘ"
}
],
"word": "kresy"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛsɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛsɘ/2 syllables",
"pl:Places",
"pl:Poland"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "kresy f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kre‧sy"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kresa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of kresa:",
"genitive singular"
],
"links": [
[
"kresa",
"kresa#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kresa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of kresa:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative plural"
],
"links": [
[
"kresa",
"kresa#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɛ.sɘ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛsɘ"
}
],
"word": "kresy"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kresy meaning in Polish (4.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.