See kres in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kresowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bezkres"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kresowicz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kresowiec"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kresy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gml",
"3": "krēs"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Middle Low German krēs",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "kreiz"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German kreiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "kreiz"
},
"expansion": "Old High German kreiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kraitaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kraitaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle Low German krēs, from Middle High German kreiz, from Old High German kreiz, from Proto-Germanic *kraitaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kresów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kresom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kresami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kresach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "kres m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kres"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "u"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bezkresny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bezkreśnie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bezkresność"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kresowiaczka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kresowiak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kresowianin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kresowianka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kresowizm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kresowość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Kresy Wschodnie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "położyć kres"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kłaść kres"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"limit, boundary"
],
"id": "en-kres-pl-noun-gIU8G58J",
"links": [
[
"limit",
"limit"
],
[
"boundary",
"boundary"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "pl:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 3 3 3 3 48 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 2 2 2 2 40 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 61 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bound; supremum or infimum"
],
"id": "en-kres-pl-noun-A0bUMVOT",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"supremum",
"supremum"
],
[
"infimum",
"infimum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) bound; supremum or infimum"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɛs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"word": "kres"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "kres f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kres"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kresa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of kresa"
],
"id": "en-kres-pl-noun-HaMve924",
"links": [
[
"kresa",
"kresa#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɛs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"word": "kres"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Middle Low German",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Polish terms derived from Old High German",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛs/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kresowy"
},
{
"word": "bezkres"
},
{
"word": "kresowicz"
},
{
"word": "kresowiec"
},
{
"word": "kresy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gml",
"3": "krēs"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Middle Low German krēs",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "kreiz"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German kreiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "kreiz"
},
"expansion": "Old High German kreiz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kraitaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kraitaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle Low German krēs, from Middle High German kreiz, from Old High German kreiz, from Proto-Germanic *kraitaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kresów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kresom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kresami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kresach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kresie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kresy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "kres m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kres"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "u"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bezkresny"
},
{
"word": "bezkreśnie"
},
{
"word": "bezkresność"
},
{
"word": "kresowiaczka"
},
{
"word": "kresowiak"
},
{
"word": "kresowianin"
},
{
"word": "kresowianka"
},
{
"word": "kresowizm"
},
{
"word": "kresowość"
},
{
"word": "Kresy Wschodnie"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "położyć kres"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kłaść kres"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"limit, boundary"
],
"links": [
[
"limit",
"limit"
],
[
"boundary",
"boundary"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"bound; supremum or infimum"
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"supremum",
"supremum"
],
[
"infimum",
"infimum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) bound; supremum or infimum"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɛs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"word": "kres"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛs/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "kres f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kres"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kresa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of kresa"
],
"links": [
[
"kresa",
"kresa#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɛs/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛs"
}
],
"word": "kres"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kres meaning in Polish (4.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (9e2b7d3 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.