See fornal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "fornal",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish fornal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "fornal"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish fornal",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Vornagel"
},
"expansion": "German Vornagel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "",
"4": "*vorn-eil-er"
},
"expansion": "German *vorn-eil-er",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish fornal, further etymology uncertain. Per Brückner, from German Vornagel, favored by Sławski, rejected by Bańkowski, who instead derives it from hypothetical German *vorn-eil-er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fornal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fornale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fornál",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "furnál",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "fornal m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"for‧nal"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "fornalów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "pl:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 42 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 42 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 46 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 44 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 20 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "pl:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"farmhand tending the horses"
],
"id": "en-fornal-pl-noun-l3o79gRB",
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"farmhand",
"farmhand"
],
[
"tend",
"tend"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(agriculture, historical) farmhand tending the horses"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rataj"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine",
"person"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kielce Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 42 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 42 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 46 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 44 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of woźnica"
],
"id": "en-fornal-pl-noun-eUwlvBGP",
"links": [
[
"woźnica",
"woźnica#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kielce) Synonym of woźnica"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "woźnica"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔr.nal/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔr.nal/",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔrnal"
},
{
"homophone": "Fornal"
}
],
"word": "fornal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "fornal",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish fornal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "fornal"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish fornal",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Vornagel"
},
"expansion": "German Vornagel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "",
"4": "*vorn-eil-er"
},
"expansion": "German *vorn-eil-er",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish fornal, further etymology uncertain. Per Brückner, from German Vornagel, favored by Sławski, rejected by Bańkowski, who instead derives it from hypothetical German *vorn-eil-er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fornal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fornale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fornál",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "furnál",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "fornal m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"for‧nal"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "fornalski"
},
{
"word": "fornalka"
}
],
"glosses": [
"drawbar hitch"
],
"id": "en-fornal-pl-noun-jHm~wrcc",
"links": [
[
"drawbar",
"drawbar"
],
[
"hitch",
"hitch"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔr.nal/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔr.nal/",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔrnal"
},
{
"homophone": "Fornal"
}
],
"word": "fornal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms derived from German",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔrnal",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔrnal/2 syllables",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Occupations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "fornal",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish fornal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "fornal"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish fornal",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Vornagel"
},
"expansion": "German Vornagel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "",
"4": "*vorn-eil-er"
},
"expansion": "German *vorn-eil-er",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish fornal, further etymology uncertain. Per Brückner, from German Vornagel, favored by Sławski, rejected by Bańkowski, who instead derives it from hypothetical German *vorn-eil-er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fornal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fornale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fornál",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "furnál",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "fornal m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"for‧nal"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "fornalów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with historical senses",
"pl:Agriculture"
],
"glosses": [
"farmhand tending the horses"
],
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"farmhand",
"farmhand"
],
[
"tend",
"tend"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(agriculture, historical) farmhand tending the horses"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rataj"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine",
"person"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Kielce Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of woźnica"
],
"links": [
[
"woźnica",
"woźnica#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kielce) Synonym of woźnica"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "woźnica"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔr.nal/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔr.nal/",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔrnal"
},
{
"homophone": "Fornal"
}
],
"word": "fornal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms derived from German",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔrnal",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔrnal/2 syllables",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Occupations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fornalski"
},
{
"word": "fornalka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "fornal",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish fornal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "fornal"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish fornal",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Vornagel"
},
"expansion": "German Vornagel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "",
"4": "*vorn-eil-er"
},
"expansion": "German *vorn-eil-er",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish fornal, further etymology uncertain. Per Brückner, from German Vornagel, favored by Sławski, rejected by Bańkowski, who instead derives it from hypothetical German *vorn-eil-er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fornal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fornalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fornale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fornál",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "furnál",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "fornal m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"for‧nal"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"drawbar hitch"
],
"links": [
[
"drawbar",
"drawbar"
],
[
"hitch",
"hitch"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔr.nal/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔr.nal/",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔrnal"
},
{
"homophone": "Fornal"
}
],
"word": "fornal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fornal meaning in Polish (7.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Kielce",
"path": [
"fornal"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "fornal",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Kielce",
"path": [
"fornal"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "fornal",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.