See ciarka in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "cierń",
"4": "-ka",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPolish cierń\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nOld Polish -ka\nPolish -ka\nPolish ciarka\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-keh₂\", \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъka\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ka\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ka\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciarka\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"ciarka\">\nFrom cierń + -ka.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nPolish cierń\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nOld Polish -ka\nPolish -ka\nPolish ciarka\nFrom cierń + -ka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciara",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarkę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"aug": "ciara"
},
"expansion": "ciarka f (augmentative ciara)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciar‧ka"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ciar‧ka"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Prunus genus plants",
"orig": "pl:Prunus genus plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sloe (fruit of the blackthorn, Prunus spinosa)"
],
"id": "en-ciarka-pl-noun-JiClqWdB",
"links": [
[
"sloe",
"sloe"
],
[
"Prunus spinosa",
"Prunus spinosa#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cierniówka"
},
{
"word": "tarka"
},
{
"word": "tarnina"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Medical signs and symptoms",
"orig": "pl:Medical signs and symptoms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kielce Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lasovia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ka",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "pl:Fruits",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "pl:Hair",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chills, goose bumps, heebie-jeebies, horripilation (light shivers)"
],
"id": "en-ciarka-pl-noun-sisMUs5~",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"chills",
"chills"
],
[
"goose bump",
"goose bump"
],
[
"heebie-jeebies",
"heebie-jeebies"
],
[
"horripilation",
"horripilation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural, medicine) chills, goose bumps, heebie-jeebies, horripilation (light shivers)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dreszcz"
},
{
"word": "mrowie"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"in-plural"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕar.ka/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕar.ki]",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕar.ki]",
"note": "Lasovia"
},
{
"rhymes": "-arka"
},
{
"homophone": "Ciarka"
}
],
"word": "ciarka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Kielce Polish",
"Lasovia Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ka",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/arka",
"Rhymes:Polish/arka/2 syllables",
"pl:Fruits",
"pl:Hair",
"pl:Prunus genus plants"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "cierń",
"4": "-ka",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPolish cierń\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nOld Polish -ka\nPolish -ka\nPolish ciarka\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-keh₂\", \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъka\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ka\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ka\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciarka\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"ciarka\">\nFrom cierń + -ka.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nPolish cierń\nProto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ъka\nOld Polish -ka\nPolish -ka\nPolish ciarka\nFrom cierń + -ka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciara",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarkę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciarki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"aug": "ciara"
},
"expansion": "ciarka f (augmentative ciara)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciar‧ka"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ciar‧ka"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sloe (fruit of the blackthorn, Prunus spinosa)"
],
"links": [
[
"sloe",
"sloe"
],
[
"Prunus spinosa",
"Prunus spinosa#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cierniówka"
},
{
"word": "tarka"
},
{
"word": "tarnina"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Medical signs and symptoms"
],
"glosses": [
"chills, goose bumps, heebie-jeebies, horripilation (light shivers)"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"chills",
"chills"
],
[
"goose bump",
"goose bump"
],
[
"heebie-jeebies",
"heebie-jeebies"
],
[
"horripilation",
"horripilation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural, medicine) chills, goose bumps, heebie-jeebies, horripilation (light shivers)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dreszcz"
},
{
"word": "mrowie"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"in-plural"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕar.ka/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕar.ki]",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕar.ki]",
"note": "Lasovia"
},
{
"rhymes": "-arka"
},
{
"homophone": "Ciarka"
}
],
"word": "ciarka"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciarka meaning in Polish (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.