See byk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "po byku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "jak byk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "z byka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "byczak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "byczość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bykowiec"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Byk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "chwycić byka za rogi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "chwytać byka za rogi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "leżeć martwym bykiem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "podziałać jak płachta na byka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "działać jak płachta na byka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "sadzić byki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "z byka spaść"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "byk",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish byk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "byk"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish byk",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "bull market",
"senseid": "market"
},
"expansion": "Sense 5 is a semantic loan from English bull market",
"name": "sl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "bull",
"nocap": "1",
"senseid": "investor"
},
"expansion": "sense 6 is a semantic loan from English bull",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish byk. Sense 5 is a semantic loan from English bull market and sense 6 is a semantic loan from English bull.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "byczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "byczysko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "byczy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "byk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bykowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bykom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bykiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bykami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bykach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "byki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml",
"adj": "byczy",
"aug": "byczysko",
"dim": "byczek"
},
"expansion": "byk m animal (diminutive byczek, augmentative byczysko, related adjective byczy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"byk"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-an"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 17 17 1 2 3 3 2 2 2 0 10 1 2 13 1 0 2 6 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 17 20 0 1 5 2 0 2 3 0 11 2 5 4 3 1 3 4 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male animals",
"orig": "pl:Male animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Male",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bull (adult, uncastrated male cattle)"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-uBqxKyps",
"links": [
[
"bull",
"bull"
]
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 17 17 1 2 3 3 2 2 2 0 10 1 2 13 1 0 2 6 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 17 20 0 1 5 2 0 2 3 0 11 2 5 4 3 1 3 4 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male animals",
"orig": "pl:Male animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Male",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bull (adult, uncastrated male cattle)",
"bull (meat of this animal)"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-HpXQkGMJ",
"links": [
[
"bull",
"bull"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"bull (adult, uncastrated male cattle)",
"(Middle Polish) bull (meat of this animal)"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Hunting",
"orig": "pl:Hunting",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 17 17 1 2 3 3 2 2 2 0 10 1 2 13 1 0 2 6 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 17 20 0 1 5 2 0 2 3 0 11 2 5 4 3 1 3 4 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male animals",
"orig": "pl:Male animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Male",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stag (adult male of large, plant-eating game animals)"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-zeC~WUvJ",
"links": [
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"stag",
"stag"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hunting) stag (adult male of large, plant-eating game animals)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"stud (strong and rather large man)"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-NicFKf6y",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"stud",
"stud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, sometimes derogatory) stud (strong and rather large man)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"colloquial",
"derogatory",
"masculine",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"howler (obvious mistake, especially a a spelling error)"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-sCKfVSd0",
"links": [
[
"howler",
"howler"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) howler (obvious mistake, especially a a spelling error)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"colloquial",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "pl:Finance",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bull market (stock market where a majority of investors are buying, causing overall stock prices to rise)"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-da0MiG7u",
"links": [
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"bull market",
"bull market"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, finance) bull market (stock market where a majority of investors are buying, causing overall stock prices to rise)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hossa"
}
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "pl:Finance",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bull (investor who buys (commodities or securities) in anticipation of a rise in prices)"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-gO8LOwFP",
"links": [
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"bull",
"bull"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(finance) bull (investor who buys (commodities or securities) in anticipation of a rise in prices)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"headbutt to the stomach"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-XGWyGiqp",
"links": [
[
"headbutt",
"headbutt"
],
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) headbutt to the stomach"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"colloquial",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Borderlands Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Suwałki Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"headbutt to the stomach",
"Synonym of pstryczek"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-eORmZw5~",
"links": [
[
"headbutt",
"headbutt"
],
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
],
[
"pstryczek",
"pstryczek#Polish"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) headbutt to the stomach",
"(Northern Borderlands, Lithuania, Suwałki) Synonym of pstryczek"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "pstryczek"
}
],
"tags": [
"Lithuania",
"animal-not-person",
"colloquial",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"gabare (single-masted river vessel formerly used for floating salt and grain)"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-gGrPdUQS",
"links": [
[
"gabare",
"gabare"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) gabare (single-masted river vessel formerly used for floating salt and grain)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kociewie Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hook with two horns for digging potatoes"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-gCt~GGtb",
"links": [
[
"hook",
"hook"
],
[
"horn",
"horn"
],
[
"dig",
"dig"
],
[
"potatoes",
"potatoes"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kociewie) hook with two horns for digging potatoes"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dziaka"
}
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Kraków Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 0 19 1 1 0 5 4 1 1 5 2 1 1 3 1 12 2 3 5 2 1 3 3 4 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 0 16 1 1 0 6 4 0 1 5 3 0 0 3 0 15 3 4 6 2 0 3 4 5 13 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 9 8 0 2 8 4 1 2 4 0 18 3 5 10 4 1 6 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 9 8 1 3 7 4 1 2 4 1 15 3 5 10 4 2 6 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 9 9 1 2 7 4 1 2 4 1 17 4 5 9 4 2 6 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 10 8 1 2 8 4 1 2 4 1 17 3 5 9 4 2 5 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 6 1 2 9 4 1 2 5 1 20 4 5 8 4 3 7 5 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "pl:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 11 7 0 0 7 3 0 1 4 0 20 4 6 8 3 0 14 6 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Art",
"orig": "pl:Art",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 6 5 1 2 6 3 2 2 3 1 30 2 4 16 2 1 4 5 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Children's games",
"orig": "pl:Children's games",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 8 2 2 8 4 2 2 4 2 14 4 6 10 3 2 5 6 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Easter",
"orig": "pl:Easter",
"parents": [
"Christianity",
"Holidays",
"Abrahamism",
"Observances",
"Religion",
"Calendar",
"Culture",
"Timekeeping",
"Society",
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 7 6 2 2 7 4 2 2 9 2 16 4 7 9 6 2 5 4 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Watercraft",
"orig": "pl:Watercraft",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Vehicles",
"Transport",
"Machines",
"All topics",
"Technology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 12 7 1 2 8 5 1 2 4 1 16 3 5 8 3 2 6 5 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Cattle",
"orig": "pl:Cattle",
"parents": [
"Bovines",
"Livestock",
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 6 11 1 2 7 3 1 3 5 3 14 6 9 6 5 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Eggs",
"orig": "pl:Eggs",
"parents": [
"Birds",
"Foods",
"Reproduction",
"Vertebrates",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Animals",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Lifeforms"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 17 20 0 1 5 2 0 2 3 0 11 2 5 4 3 1 3 4 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male animals",
"orig": "pl:Male animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Male",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"type of children's game"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-E4k1yDyV",
"links": [
[
"children's game",
"children's game#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Kraków) type of children's game"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Near Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Lublin Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"egg painted in a single color and not decorated like a pisanka"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-ciYmSxT2",
"links": [
[
"egg",
"egg"
],
[
"paint",
"paint"
],
[
"color",
"color"
],
[
"decorated",
"decorated"
],
[
"pisanka",
"pisanka"
]
],
"qualifier": "Near Masovian; Western Lublin; Near Masovian; Western Lublin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Near Masovian, Western Lublin, Rozkopaczew) egg painted in a single color and not decorated like a pisanka"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Far Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"large plow for making clearings"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-~iKRvJ2E",
"links": [
[
"plow",
"plow"
],
[
"clearing",
"clearing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Far Masovian, Łomża) large plow for making clearings"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 17 17 1 2 3 3 2 2 2 0 10 1 2 13 1 0 2 6 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 6 9 1 3 6 3 4 4 4 2 14 4 4 18 3 1 4 6 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Meats",
"orig": "pl:Meats",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 37 3 3 4 6 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "pl:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 6 6 1 2 6 3 1 2 7 1 13 3 4 18 7 2 4 6 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Vessels",
"orig": "pl:Vessels",
"parents": [
"Containers",
"Liquids",
"Tools",
"Matter",
"Technology",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 4 4 1 4 5 3 8 8 3 1 10 2 3 26 2 1 3 6 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "pl:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 4 11 1 1 4 2 1 2 3 1 8 2 3 38 3 1 3 9 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "pl:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"battering ram"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-6z0bJmvG",
"links": [
[
"battering ram",
"battering ram"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, historical) battering ram"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "taran"
}
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"historical",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Pharmacy",
"orig": "pl:Pharmacy",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Pharmacology",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Biochemistry",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"Chemistry",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"receiver, condenser (copper vessel that collects water as gas is released from a balloon into a tank)"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-iQqlZoyT",
"links": [
[
"pharmacy",
"pharmacy"
],
[
"receiver",
"receiver"
],
[
"condenser",
"condenser"
]
],
"qualifier": "pharmacy",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, pharmacy) receiver, condenser (copper vessel that collects water as gas is released from a balloon into a tank)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"bundle (dozen or so sheets of wood, tied together into a row of rafts)"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-3soJC6Xv",
"links": [
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) bundle (dozen or so sheets of wood, tied together into a row of rafts)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Woodworking",
"orig": "pl:Woodworking",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"large plane"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-LsrkVA~p",
"links": [
[
"woodworking",
"woodworking"
],
[
"plane",
"plane"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, woodworking) large plane"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"business",
"carpentry",
"construction",
"crafts",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"woodworking"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"type of incendiary artillery shell"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-ivvmurFu",
"links": [
[
"incendiary",
"incendiary#English"
],
[
"artillery",
"artillery#English"
],
[
"shell",
"shell#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) type of incendiary artillery shell"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 3 7 3 3 3 3 3 8 3 3 10 3 7 3 3 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Heraldry",
"orig": "pl:Heraldry",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"emblem of a tavern"
],
"id": "en-byk-pl-noun-aEkzLfT0",
"links": [
[
"emblem",
"emblem"
],
[
"tavern",
"tavern"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) emblem of a tavern"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨk/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbik/",
"note": "Kociewie"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘk/",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘk/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbɘk]",
"note": "Suwałki"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘk/",
"note": "Kraków"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbɘk]",
"note": "Western Lublin"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbɘk]",
"note": "Northern Borderlands"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘk"
},
{
"homophone": "Byk"
}
],
"word": "byk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish semantic loans from English",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘk",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘk/1 syllable",
"pl:Agriculture",
"pl:Art",
"pl:Cattle",
"pl:Children's games",
"pl:Easter",
"pl:Eggs",
"pl:Heraldry",
"pl:Male animals",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Meats",
"pl:Tools",
"pl:Vessels",
"pl:Violence",
"pl:Watercraft",
"pl:Weapons"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "po byku"
},
{
"word": "jak byk"
},
{
"word": "z byka"
},
{
"word": "byczak"
},
{
"word": "byczość"
},
{
"word": "bykowiec"
},
{
"word": "Byk"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "chwycić byka za rogi"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "chwytać byka za rogi"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "leżeć martwym bykiem"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "podziałać jak płachta na byka"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "działać jak płachta na byka"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "sadzić byki"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "z byka spaść"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "byk",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish byk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "byk"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish byk",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "bull market",
"senseid": "market"
},
"expansion": "Sense 5 is a semantic loan from English bull market",
"name": "sl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "bull",
"nocap": "1",
"senseid": "investor"
},
"expansion": "sense 6 is a semantic loan from English bull",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish byk. Sense 5 is a semantic loan from English bull market and sense 6 is a semantic loan from English bull.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "byczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "byczysko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "byczy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "byk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bykowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bykom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bykiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bykami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bykach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "byki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml",
"adj": "byczy",
"aug": "byczysko",
"dim": "byczek"
},
"expansion": "byk m animal (diminutive byczek, augmentative byczysko, related adjective byczy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"byk"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-an"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bull (adult, uncastrated male cattle)"
],
"links": [
[
"bull",
"bull"
]
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"bull (adult, uncastrated male cattle)",
"bull (meat of this animal)"
],
"links": [
[
"bull",
"bull"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"bull (adult, uncastrated male cattle)",
"(Middle Polish) bull (meat of this animal)"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Hunting"
],
"glosses": [
"stag (adult male of large, plant-eating game animals)"
],
"links": [
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"stag",
"stag"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hunting) stag (adult male of large, plant-eating game animals)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"stud (strong and rather large man)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"stud",
"stud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, sometimes derogatory) stud (strong and rather large man)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"colloquial",
"derogatory",
"masculine",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"howler (obvious mistake, especially a a spelling error)"
],
"links": [
[
"howler",
"howler"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) howler (obvious mistake, especially a a spelling error)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"colloquial",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"pl:Finance"
],
"glosses": [
"bull market (stock market where a majority of investors are buying, causing overall stock prices to rise)"
],
"links": [
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"bull market",
"bull market"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, finance) bull market (stock market where a majority of investors are buying, causing overall stock prices to rise)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hossa"
}
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Finance"
],
"glosses": [
"bull (investor who buys (commodities or securities) in anticipation of a rise in prices)"
],
"links": [
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"bull",
"bull"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(finance) bull (investor who buys (commodities or securities) in anticipation of a rise in prices)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"headbutt to the stomach"
],
"links": [
[
"headbutt",
"headbutt"
],
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) headbutt to the stomach"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"colloquial",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Northern Borderlands Polish",
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Suwałki Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"headbutt to the stomach",
"Synonym of pstryczek"
],
"links": [
[
"headbutt",
"headbutt"
],
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
],
[
"pstryczek",
"pstryczek#Polish"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) headbutt to the stomach",
"(Northern Borderlands, Lithuania, Suwałki) Synonym of pstryczek"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "pstryczek"
}
],
"tags": [
"Lithuania",
"animal-not-person",
"colloquial",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"gabare (single-masted river vessel formerly used for floating salt and grain)"
],
"links": [
[
"gabare",
"gabare"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) gabare (single-masted river vessel formerly used for floating salt and grain)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Kociewie Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"hook with two horns for digging potatoes"
],
"links": [
[
"hook",
"hook"
],
[
"horn",
"horn"
],
[
"dig",
"dig"
],
[
"potatoes",
"potatoes"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kociewie) hook with two horns for digging potatoes"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dziaka"
}
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Western Kraków Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"type of children's game"
],
"links": [
[
"children's game",
"children's game#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Western Kraków) type of children's game"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Near Masovian Polish",
"Western Lublin Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"egg painted in a single color and not decorated like a pisanka"
],
"links": [
[
"egg",
"egg"
],
[
"paint",
"paint"
],
[
"color",
"color"
],
[
"decorated",
"decorated"
],
[
"pisanka",
"pisanka"
]
],
"qualifier": "Near Masovian; Western Lublin; Near Masovian; Western Lublin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Near Masovian, Western Lublin, Rozkopaczew) egg painted in a single color and not decorated like a pisanka"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Far Masovian Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"large plow for making clearings"
],
"links": [
[
"plow",
"plow"
],
[
"clearing",
"clearing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Far Masovian, Łomża) large plow for making clearings"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with historical senses",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"battering ram"
],
"links": [
[
"battering ram",
"battering ram"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, historical) battering ram"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "taran"
}
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"historical",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Pharmacy"
],
"glosses": [
"receiver, condenser (copper vessel that collects water as gas is released from a balloon into a tank)"
],
"links": [
[
"pharmacy",
"pharmacy"
],
[
"receiver",
"receiver"
],
[
"condenser",
"condenser"
]
],
"qualifier": "pharmacy",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, pharmacy) receiver, condenser (copper vessel that collects water as gas is released from a balloon into a tank)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"bundle (dozen or so sheets of wood, tied together into a row of rafts)"
],
"links": [
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) bundle (dozen or so sheets of wood, tied together into a row of rafts)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Woodworking"
],
"glosses": [
"large plane"
],
"links": [
[
"woodworking",
"woodworking"
],
[
"plane",
"plane"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, woodworking) large plane"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"business",
"carpentry",
"construction",
"crafts",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"woodworking"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"type of incendiary artillery shell"
],
"links": [
[
"incendiary",
"incendiary#English"
],
[
"artillery",
"artillery#English"
],
[
"shell",
"shell#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) type of incendiary artillery shell"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"emblem of a tavern"
],
"links": [
[
"emblem",
"emblem"
],
[
"tavern",
"tavern"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) emblem of a tavern"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨk/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbik/",
"note": "Kociewie"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘk/",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘk/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbɘk]",
"note": "Suwałki"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘk/",
"note": "Kraków"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbɘk]",
"note": "Western Lublin"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbɘk]",
"note": "Northern Borderlands"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘk"
},
{
"homophone": "Byk"
}
],
"word": "byk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for byk meaning in Polish (11.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Northern Borderlands, Lithuania, Suwałki",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Northern Borderlands, Lithuania, Suwałki",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Kociewie",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Kociewie",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Kraków",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Kraków",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Near Masovian, Western Lublin, Rozkopaczew",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Near Masovian, Western Lublin, Rozkopaczew",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (aeaf2a1 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.