"bo" meaning in Polish

See bo in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Conjunction

IPA: /bɔ/, /ˈbɔ/ [Middle, Polish]
Rhymes: -ɔ Etymology: Inherited from Old Polish bo. Etymology templates: {{dercat|pl|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=3}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|bo|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish bo, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|bo}} Inherited from Old Polish bo Head templates: {{head|pl|conjunction}} bo
  1. because, for (by or for the cause that) Synonyms: albowiem, boć, bowiem, dlatego że, gdyż, jako że, ponieważ
    Sense id: en-bo-pl-conj-PJZC8oAc
  2. or, or else, otherwise Synonyms: bo inaczej, inaczej, w przeciwnym razie, w przeciwnym wypadku
    Sense id: en-bo-pl-conj-7dG~X9BY
  3. because (as is known, inferred, or determined from the fact that)
    Sense id: en-bo-pl-conj-T87rM9J1 Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish particles Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 2 0 12 12 18 11 18 11 14 1 Disambiguation of Polish particles: 4 0 11 10 20 11 16 11 13 3
  4. (Kuyavia) or, either Synonyms: albo
    Sense id: en-bo-pl-conj-s8bJjaVN Categories (other): Kuyavian Polish, Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 2 0 12 12 18 11 18 11 14 1
  5. (Middle Polish) namely Tags: Middle, Polish Synonyms: mianowicie
    Sense id: en-bo-pl-conj--qlPke8p Categories (other): Middle Polish, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish particles Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 2 0 12 12 18 11 18 11 14 1 Disambiguation of Polish particles: 4 0 11 10 20 11 16 11 13 3
  6. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: Tags: Middle, Polish
    Sense id: en-bo-pl-conj-~Mwf1bvk Categories (other): Middle Polish, Polish terms with uncertain meaning, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish particles Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 2 0 12 12 18 11 18 11 14 1 Disambiguation of Polish particles: 4 0 11 10 20 11 16 11 13 3
  7. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
    also; even
    Tags: Middle, Polish
    Sense id: en-bo-pl-conj-9TVwIXg3 Categories (other): Middle Polish, Polish quotations with omitted translation, Polish terms with uncertain meaning, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish particles Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 2 0 12 12 18 11 18 11 14 1 Disambiguation of Polish particles: 4 0 11 10 20 11 16 11 13 3
  8. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: Tags: Middle, Polish
    Sense id: en-bo-pl-conj-~Mwf1bvk1 Categories (other): Middle Polish, Polish terms with uncertain meaning, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish particles Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 2 0 12 12 18 11 18 11 14 1 Disambiguation of Polish particles: 4 0 11 10 20 11 16 11 13 3

Particle

IPA: /bɔ/, /ˈbɔ/ [Middle, Polish] Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], bom [combined-form, object-first-person, object-singular], bośmy [combined-form, object-first-person, object-plural], boś [combined-form, object-second-person, object-singular], boście [combined-form, object-plural, object-second-person], bo [combined-form, object-singular, object-third-person], bo [combined-form, object-plural, object-third-person]
Rhymes: -ɔ Etymology: Inherited from Old Polish bo. Etymology templates: {{dercat|pl|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=3}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|bo|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish bo, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|bo}} Inherited from Old Polish bo Head templates: {{head|pl|particle}} bo Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-combined-forms}}
  1. emphasizes the statement, usually in phrases of opposite meanings, or introduces a rhetorical question, denying its literal meaning Synonyms: bo i, bo niby
    Sense id: en-bo-pl-particle-nvygRTjh Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish particles Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 2 0 12 12 18 11 18 11 14 1 Disambiguation of Polish particles: 4 0 11 10 20 11 16 11 13 3
  2. (with ale) may very well, but, even though, despite
    Sense id: en-bo-pl-particle-q15MtJLy
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: bo ja wiem
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "4": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "bo",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish bo",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "bo"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish bo",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish bo.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "bo",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "bo"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I didn't call because I was sleeping.",
          "text": "Nie zadzwoniłem, bo spałem.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Because I said no.",
          "text": "Bo nie.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Because reasons.",
          "text": "Bo tak.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "because, for (by or for the cause that)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bo-pl-conj-PJZC8oAc",
      "links": [
        [
          "because",
          "because"
        ],
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "albowiem"
        },
        {
          "word": "boć"
        },
        {
          "word": "bowiem"
        },
        {
          "word": "dlatego że"
        },
        {
          "word": "gdyż"
        },
        {
          "word": "jako że"
        },
        {
          "word": "ponieważ"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Or else what?",
          "text": "Bo co?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Get up now or you'll be late for school!",
          "text": "Wstawaj już, bo spóźnisz się do szkoły!",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "or, or else, otherwise"
      ],
      "id": "en-bo-pl-conj-7dG~X9BY",
      "links": [
        [
          "or",
          "or"
        ],
        [
          "or else",
          "or else"
        ],
        [
          "otherwise",
          "otherwise"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bo inaczej"
        },
        {
          "word": "inaczej"
        },
        {
          "word": "w przeciwnym razie"
        },
        {
          "word": "w przeciwnym wypadku"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 0 12 12 18 11 18 11 14 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 0 11 10 20 11 16 11 13 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He isn't nice because he didn't want to give me his cookies.",
          "text": "On nie jest miły, bo nie chciał dać mi swoich ciasteczek.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "because (as is known, inferred, or determined from the fact that)"
      ],
      "id": "en-bo-pl-conj-T87rM9J1",
      "links": [
        [
          "because",
          "because"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kuyavian Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 0 12 12 18 11 18 11 14 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "or, either"
      ],
      "id": "en-bo-pl-conj-s8bJjaVN",
      "links": [
        [
          "or",
          "or"
        ],
        [
          "either",
          "either"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Kuyavia) or, either"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "albo"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 0 12 12 18 11 18 11 14 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 0 11 10 20 11 16 11 13 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "namely"
      ],
      "id": "en-bo-pl-conj--qlPke8p",
      "links": [
        [
          "namely",
          "namely"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) namely"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mianowicie"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with uncertain meaning",
            "Terms by usage"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 0 12 12 18 11 18 11 14 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 0 11 10 20 11 16 11 13 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
      ],
      "id": "en-bo-pl-conj-~Mwf1bvk",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with uncertain meaning",
            "Terms by usage"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 0 12 12 18 11 18 11 14 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 0 11 10 20 11 16 11 13 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1539, W. Wróbel, Żołtarz Dawidów, page 82/9:",
          "text": "Moab y Agarenowie Gebalitowie j Amon y Amalech/ y cżudzoziemci z mieſzkaiącimi w Tirze. [...] Boy Aſſur prziſzedł ſnimi j ſtał ſie na pomoc ſinom Lotowym. [Etenim Assur venit cum illis: facti sunt in adiutorium filiis Loth]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1539, W. Wróbel, Żołtarz Dawidów, page 88/6:",
          "text": "[Confitebuntur coeli mirabilia tua domine: etenim veritatem tuam in ecclesia santorum] Będą wyznawać niebioſa czuda twoie miły panie bo y prawdę twoię będę wyſlawiać w zebraniu ſwiętych.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "also; even"
      ],
      "id": "en-bo-pl-conj-9TVwIXg3",
      "links": [
        [
          "also",
          "also"
        ],
        [
          "even",
          "even"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "also; even"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with uncertain meaning",
            "Terms by usage"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 0 12 12 18 11 18 11 14 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 0 11 10 20 11 16 11 13 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
      ],
      "id": "en-bo-pl-conj-~Mwf1bvk1",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bo"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "bo ja wiem"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "4": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "bo",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish bo",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "bo"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish bo",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish bo.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-combined-forms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bośmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "boś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-second-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "boście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-singular",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "bo",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "bo"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-combined-forms"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 0 12 12 18 11 18 11 14 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 0 11 10 20 11 16 11 13 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Well, she might be pretty, but she is also stupid.",
          "text": "Ładna, bo ładna, ale głupia.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Is this really true?",
          "text": "Bo to prawda?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "How am I supposed to know that?",
          "text": "Bo ja wiem?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I never talked about it because why would I?",
          "text": "Nigdy o tym nie mówiłem, bo i po co?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "emphasizes the statement, usually in phrases of opposite meanings, or introduces a rhetorical question, denying its literal meaning"
      ],
      "id": "en-bo-pl-particle-nvygRTjh",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bo i"
        },
        {
          "word": "bo niby"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He very well may be old, but he's still strong.",
          "text": "Stary, bo stary, ale mocny.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "It may very well be hard, but it's getting easier.",
          "text": "Trudno bo trudno, ale robi się łatwiej.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "may very well, but, even though, despite"
      ],
      "id": "en-bo-pl-particle-q15MtJLy",
      "links": [
        [
          "ale",
          "ale"
        ],
        [
          "may",
          "may"
        ],
        [
          "very well",
          "very well"
        ],
        [
          "but",
          "but"
        ],
        [
          "even though",
          "even though"
        ],
        [
          "despite",
          "despite"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(with ale) may very well, but, even though, despite"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with ale"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "pl:Ida Kurcz"
  ],
  "word": "bo"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 52 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish conjunctions",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish particles",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "4": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "bo",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish bo",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "bo"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish bo",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish bo.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "bo",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "bo"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I didn't call because I was sleeping.",
          "text": "Nie zadzwoniłem, bo spałem.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Because I said no.",
          "text": "Bo nie.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Because reasons.",
          "text": "Bo tak.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "because, for (by or for the cause that)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "because",
          "because"
        ],
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "albowiem"
        },
        {
          "word": "boć"
        },
        {
          "word": "bowiem"
        },
        {
          "word": "dlatego że"
        },
        {
          "word": "gdyż"
        },
        {
          "word": "jako że"
        },
        {
          "word": "ponieważ"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Or else what?",
          "text": "Bo co?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Get up now or you'll be late for school!",
          "text": "Wstawaj już, bo spóźnisz się do szkoły!",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "or, or else, otherwise"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "or",
          "or"
        ],
        [
          "or else",
          "or else"
        ],
        [
          "otherwise",
          "otherwise"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bo inaczej"
        },
        {
          "word": "inaczej"
        },
        {
          "word": "w przeciwnym razie"
        },
        {
          "word": "w przeciwnym wypadku"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He isn't nice because he didn't want to give me his cookies.",
          "text": "On nie jest miły, bo nie chciał dać mi swoich ciasteczek.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "because (as is known, inferred, or determined from the fact that)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "because",
          "because"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Kuyavian Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "or, either"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "or",
          "or"
        ],
        [
          "either",
          "either"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Kuyavia) or, either"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "albo"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "namely"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "namely",
          "namely"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) namely"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mianowicie"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish",
        "Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish",
        "Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Polish terms with quotations",
        "Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1539, W. Wróbel, Żołtarz Dawidów, page 82/9:",
          "text": "Moab y Agarenowie Gebalitowie j Amon y Amalech/ y cżudzoziemci z mieſzkaiącimi w Tirze. [...] Boy Aſſur prziſzedł ſnimi j ſtał ſie na pomoc ſinom Lotowym. [Etenim Assur venit cum illis: facti sunt in adiutorium filiis Loth]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1539, W. Wróbel, Żołtarz Dawidów, page 88/6:",
          "text": "[Confitebuntur coeli mirabilia tua domine: etenim veritatem tuam in ecclesia santorum] Będą wyznawać niebioſa czuda twoie miły panie bo y prawdę twoię będę wyſlawiać w zebraniu ſwiętych.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "also; even"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "also",
          "also"
        ],
        [
          "even",
          "even"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
        "also; even"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish",
        "Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bo"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 52 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish conjunctions",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish particles",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bo ja wiem"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "4": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "bo",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish bo",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "bo"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish bo",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish bo.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-combined-forms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bośmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "boś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-second-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "boście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-singular",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "bo",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "bo"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-combined-forms"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Well, she might be pretty, but she is also stupid.",
          "text": "Ładna, bo ładna, ale głupia.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Is this really true?",
          "text": "Bo to prawda?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "How am I supposed to know that?",
          "text": "Bo ja wiem?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I never talked about it because why would I?",
          "text": "Nigdy o tym nie mówiłem, bo i po co?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "emphasizes the statement, usually in phrases of opposite meanings, or introduces a rhetorical question, denying its literal meaning"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bo i"
        },
        {
          "word": "bo niby"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He very well may be old, but he's still strong.",
          "text": "Stary, bo stary, ale mocny.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "It may very well be hard, but it's getting easier.",
          "text": "Trudno bo trudno, ale robi się łatwiej.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "may very well, but, even though, despite"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ale",
          "ale"
        ],
        [
          "may",
          "may"
        ],
        [
          "very well",
          "very well"
        ],
        [
          "but",
          "but"
        ],
        [
          "even though",
          "even though"
        ],
        [
          "despite",
          "despite"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(with ale) may very well, but, even though, despite"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with ale"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "pl:Ida Kurcz"
  ],
  "word": "bo"
}

Download raw JSONL data for bo meaning in Polish (8.8kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Kuyavia",
  "path": [
    "bo"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "conjunction",
  "title": "bo",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Kuyavia",
  "path": [
    "bo"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "conjunction",
  "title": "bo",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.