See -m in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"id": "past tense"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "jeśm"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish jeśm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*esmь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *esmь",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier -śm, a contraction of Old Polish jeśm, from Proto-Slavic *esmь.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-em",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-m"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"m"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "robić + -m → robiłem",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "oglądać + -m → oglądałem",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past-tense first-person singular suffix"
],
"id": "en--m-pl-suffix-~fQb1bYn",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ś"
},
{
"word": "-ście"
},
{
"word": "-śmy"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/m/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-m"
}
],
"word": "-m"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"id": "present tense"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-m",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish -m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-m"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish -m",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish -m, from Proto-Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European [Term?].",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-m"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"m"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "oglądać + -m → oglądam",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular suffix"
],
"id": "en--m-pl-suffix-8GUyoLAZ",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"morpheme",
"singular",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/m/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-m"
}
],
"word": "-m"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/m",
"Rhymes:Polish/m/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"id": "past tense"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "jeśm"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish jeśm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*esmь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *esmь",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier -śm, a contraction of Old Polish jeśm, from Proto-Slavic *esmь.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-em",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-m"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"m"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ś"
},
{
"word": "-ście"
},
{
"word": "-śmy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "robić + -m → robiłem",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "oglądać + -m → oglądałem",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past-tense first-person singular suffix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/m/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-m"
}
],
"word": "-m"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/m",
"Rhymes:Polish/m/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"id": "present tense"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-m",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish -m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-m"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish -m",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish -m, from Proto-Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European [Term?].",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-m"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"m"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "oglądać + -m → oglądam",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular suffix"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"morpheme",
"singular",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/m/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-m"
}
],
"word": "-m"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -m meaning in Polish (3.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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