"-ać" meaning in Polish

See -ać in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /at͡ɕ/
Rhymes: -at͡ɕ Etymology: Inherited from Old Polish -ać, from Proto-Slavic *-ati. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|-ać|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish -ać, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|-ać}} Inherited from Old Polish -ać, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*-ati}} Proto-Slavic *-ati Head templates: {{head|pl|suffix}} -ać Inflection templates: {{pl-conj-ai-am,asz|a|pp}}, {{pl-conj-ai|ać|am|a|ają|a|a|a|aj|ip=ano|pp=an|pp2=ani|vn=anie}} Forms: imperfective [table-tags], ać [infinitive], am [present, singular], amy [plural, present], asz [present, singular], acie [plural, present], a [present, singular, third-person], ają [plural, present, third-person], a się [impersonal, present], ałem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m ał [masculine, past, singular], ałam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m ała [feminine, past, singular], ałom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m ało [neuter, past, singular], aliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy ali [past, plural, virile], ałyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy ały [nonvirile, past, plural], ałeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś ał [masculine, past, singular], ałaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś ała [feminine, past, singular], ałoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś ało [neuter, past, singular], aliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście ali [past, plural, virile], ałyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście ały [nonvirile, past, plural], ał [masculine, past, singular, third-person], ała [feminine, past, singular, third-person], ało [neuter, past, singular, third-person], ali [past, plural, third-person, virile], ały [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], ano [impersonal, past], będę ał [future, masculine, singular], będę ać [future, masculine, singular], będę ała [feminine, future, singular], będę ać [feminine, future, singular], będę ało [future, neuter, singular], będę ać [future, neuter, singular], będziemy ali [future, plural, virile], będziemy ać [future, plural, virile], będziemy ały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy ać [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz ał [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ać [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ała [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ać [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ało [future, neuter, singular], będziesz ać [future, neuter, singular], będziecie ali [future, plural, virile], będziecie ać [future, plural, virile], będziecie ały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie ać [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie ał [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ać [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ała [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ać [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ało [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie ać [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą ali [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ać [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ały [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą ać [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie ać się [future, impersonal], ałbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym ał [conditional, masculine, singular], ałabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym ała [conditional, feminine, singular], ałobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym ało [conditional, neuter, singular], alibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy ali [conditional, plural, virile], ałybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy ały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ałbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś ał [conditional, masculine, singular], ałabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś ała [conditional, feminine, singular], ałobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś ało [conditional, neuter, singular], alibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście ali [conditional, plural, virile], ałybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście ały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ałby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by ał [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], ałaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by ała [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], ałoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by ało [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], aliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by ali [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], ałyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by ały [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], ano by [conditional, impersonal], niech am [imperative, singular], ajmy [imperative, plural], aj [imperative, singular], ajcie [imperative, plural], niech a [imperative, singular, third-person], niech ają [imperative, plural, third-person], ający [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], ająca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], ające [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], ający [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], ające [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], any [adjectival, masculine, participle, passive, singular], ana [adjectival, feminine, participle, passive, singular], ane [adjectival, neuter, participle, passive, singular], ani [adjectival, participle, passive, plural, virile], ane [adjectival, nonvirile, participle, passive, plural], ając [adjectival, contemporary, participle], anie [noun-from-verb]
  1. forms imperfect and frequentative verb forms, causes both consonantal and vocalic sound changes within the stem Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ać-pl-suffix-cnyFhEOw Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 65 35
  2. forms verbs from nouns Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ać-pl-suffix-RqkCfDuk

Download JSON data for -ać meaning in Polish (13.8kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "-ać",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish -ać",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "-ać"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish -ać",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ati",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish -ać, from Proto-Slavic *-ati.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ai-am,asz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "am",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "amy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "asz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ają",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a się",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aliśmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałyśmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałeś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałaś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałoś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aliście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałyście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ano",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ać się",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałbym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałabym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałobym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alibyśmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałybyśmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałbyś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałabyś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałobyś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alibyście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałybyście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałaby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałoby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aliby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałyby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ano by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech am",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ajmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ajcie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ają",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ający",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ająca",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ające",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ający",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ające",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "any",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ana",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ane",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ane",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ając",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "anie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ać",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ać"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a",
        "2": "pp"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai-am,asz"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ać",
        "2": "am",
        "3": "a",
        "4": "ają",
        "5": "a",
        "6": "a",
        "7": "a",
        "8": "aj",
        "ip": "ano",
        "pp": "an",
        "pp2": "ani",
        "vn": "anie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "65 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "o → a zabronić + -ać → zabraniać, zaprosić + -ać → zapraszać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "e → a lecieć + -ać → latać, zapleść + -ać → zaplatać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ą → in wyciąć + -ać → wycinać, zgiąć + -ać → zginać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "0 → e zabrać + -ać → zabierać, zawrzeć + -ać → zawierać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "0 → y spać + -ać → sypiać, nazwać + -ać → nazywać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "p → pʲ spać + -ać → sypiać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ś → t zapleść + -ać → zaplatać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ś → sz zaprosić + -ać → zapraszać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ś → d (in -ść verbs containing a d stem) spaść + -ać → spadać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ź → ż zagrozić + -ać → zagrażać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ć → t lecieć + -ać → latać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ć → c wkręcić + -ać → wkręcać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "dź → dz ogrodzić + -ać → ogradzać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "rz → r otworzyć + -ać → otwierać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "c → k (in -c verbs containing a k stem) wypiec + -ać → wypiekać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "c → g (in -c verbs containing a g stem) wymóc + -ać → wymagać",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms imperfect and frequentative verb forms, causes both consonantal and vocalic sound changes within the stem"
      ],
      "id": "en--ać-pl-suffix-cnyFhEOw",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "zysk + -ać → zyskać",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms verbs from nouns"
      ],
      "id": "en--ać-pl-suffix-RqkCfDuk",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/at͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-at͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ać"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish suffixes",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/at͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/at͡ɕ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "-ać",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish -ać",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "-ać"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish -ać",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ati",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish -ać, from Proto-Slavic *-ati.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ai-am,asz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "am",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "amy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "asz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ają",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a się",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aliśmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałyśmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałeś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałaś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałoś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aliście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałyście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ano",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ać",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ać się",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałbym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałabym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałobym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alibyśmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałybyśmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałbyś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałabyś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałobyś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alibyście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałybyście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ał",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałaby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ała",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałoby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ało",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aliby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ali",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ałyby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ały",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ano by",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech am",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ajmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ajcie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ają",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ający",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ająca",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ające",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ający",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ające",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "any",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ana",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ane",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ane",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ając",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "anie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ać",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ać"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a",
        "2": "pp"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai-am,asz"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ać",
        "2": "am",
        "3": "a",
        "4": "ają",
        "5": "a",
        "6": "a",
        "7": "a",
        "8": "aj",
        "ip": "ano",
        "pp": "an",
        "pp2": "ani",
        "vn": "anie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "o → a zabronić + -ać → zabraniać, zaprosić + -ać → zapraszać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "e → a lecieć + -ać → latać, zapleść + -ać → zaplatać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ą → in wyciąć + -ać → wycinać, zgiąć + -ać → zginać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "0 → e zabrać + -ać → zabierać, zawrzeć + -ać → zawierać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "0 → y spać + -ać → sypiać, nazwać + -ać → nazywać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "p → pʲ spać + -ać → sypiać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ś → t zapleść + -ać → zaplatać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ś → sz zaprosić + -ać → zapraszać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ś → d (in -ść verbs containing a d stem) spaść + -ać → spadać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ź → ż zagrozić + -ać → zagrażać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ć → t lecieć + -ać → latać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ć → c wkręcić + -ać → wkręcać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "dź → dz ogrodzić + -ać → ogradzać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "rz → r otworzyć + -ać → otwierać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "c → k (in -c verbs containing a k stem) wypiec + -ać → wypiekać",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "c → g (in -c verbs containing a g stem) wymóc + -ać → wymagać",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms imperfect and frequentative verb forms, causes both consonantal and vocalic sound changes within the stem"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "zysk + -ać → zyskać",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms verbs from nouns"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/at͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-at͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ać"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.