See świadczyć in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "świadczenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "doświadczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "doświadczać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "oświadczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "oświadczać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poświadczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "poświadczać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przeświadczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przeświadczać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przyświadczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przyświadczać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uświadczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uświadczać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wyświadczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wyświadczać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaświadczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zaświadczać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "świadczyć",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish świadczyć",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "świadczyć"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish świadczyć",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "świadek",
"3": "-yć"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, świadek + -yć",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "swiadczëc"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian swiadczëc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "swjadczic"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian swjadczic",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish świadczyć. By surface analysis, świadek + -yć. Compare Kashubian swiadczëc and Slovincian swjadczic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ai-yć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczymy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczysz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczycie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczy się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczono",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie świadczyć się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczylibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczylibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczono by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech świadczę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "świadcz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech świadczy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech świadczą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadcząca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczony",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczeni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "świadcząc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczenie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "świadczyć impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"świad‧czyć"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "świadcz",
"2": "pp"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai-yć"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "świadczyć",
"2": "świadczę",
"3": "świadczy",
"4": "świadczą",
"5": "świadczy",
"6": "świadczy",
"7": "świadczy",
"8": "świadcz",
"ip": "świadczono",
"pp": "świadczon",
"pp2": "świadczeni",
"vn": "świadczenie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "oświadczenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "oświadczyny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "świadectwo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "... does the lack of a surgical mask show the students' demoralization?",
"ref": "2021 February 14, Katarzyna Wójcik, “Koronawirus: czy brak maseczki świadczy o demoralizacji uczniów?”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-05-20:",
"text": "... czy brak maseczki świadczy o demoralizacji uczniów?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Russians have been trying to cross this river since the 3rd of April, which proves the fact that it is well-defended and hard to overwhelm.",
"ref": "2022 May 16, “Gen. Skrzypczak: Rosyjska 1. Armia Pancerna nie jest w stanie walczyć”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-05-20:",
"text": "Rosjanie starają się przeprawić przez tę rzekę od 3 kwietnia, co świadczy o tym, że jest ona dobrze broniona i trudna do pokonania.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "\"The belief that the newest wave of sanctions will make Russia start to beg for mercy proves that the West has no idea how to act towards Russia,\" said Sergei Lavrov, the chief of Russia's diplomacy, in an interview for the Saudi station Al Arabiya.",
"ref": "2022 April 29, “Ławrow: Zachód musi zdyscyplinować polskich i ukraińskich kolegów”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-05-20:",
"text": "Wiara, że najnowsza fala sankcji sprawi, że Rosja zacznie błagać o łaskę, świadczy, że Zachód nie ma pojęcia, jak postępować z Rosją - powiedział w wywiadzie dla saudyjskiej stacji Al Arabiya Siergiej Ławrow, szef rosyjskiej dyplomacji.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Now only stones bear witness to the glory of the first lords,\nAnd Rome is still there, where you don't have Romans any more.",
"ref": "1774, “Oda Do Czasu”, in M. Gröl, editor, Zabawy przyjemne i pożyteczne z różnych Autorów zebrane, volume X, number II, page 242:",
"text": "Już tylko głazy świadczą sławę pierwszych panów,\nI Rzym jest jeszcze tam, gdzie już nie masz Rzymianów.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to witness; to be indicative, to be a sign of, to indicate, to prove, to evince, to testify, to betoken, to bear witness to, to speak to (to prove with one's existence)"
],
"id": "en-świadczyć-pl-verb-iEDoiTAt",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":o(loc)<of what>"
},
"expansion": "[with o (+ locative) ‘of what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"o",
"(+",
"locative)",
"‘of",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"witness",
"witness"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate"
],
[
"prove",
"prove"
],
[
"evince",
"evince"
],
[
"testify",
"testify"
],
[
"betoken",
"betoken"
],
[
"bear witness",
"bear witness"
],
[
"speak",
"speak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to witness; to be indicative, to be a sign of, to indicate, to prove, to evince, to testify, to betoken, to bear witness to, to speak to (to prove with one's existence) [with o (+ locative) ‘of what’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to be indicative, to indicate, to prove, to evince, to testify, to betoken, to bear witness to, to speak to (to cause someone to judge one a particular way)"
],
"id": "en-świadczyć-pl-verb-k8HDM7uI",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":o(loc)<of whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with o (+ locative) ‘of whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"o",
"(+",
"locative)",
"‘of",
"whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"indicative",
"indicative"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate"
],
[
"prove",
"prove"
],
[
"evince",
"evince"
],
[
"testify",
"testify"
],
[
"betoken",
"betoken"
],
[
"bear witness",
"bear witness"
],
[
"speak",
"speak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to be indicative, to indicate, to prove, to evince, to testify, to betoken, to bear witness to, to speak to (to cause someone to judge one a particular way) [with o (+ locative) ‘of whom’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to evince (to be evidence for or against something) [with za (+ instrumental) ‘for what’] [with przeciw (+ dative) ‘against whom/what’]"
],
"id": "en-świadczyć-pl-verb-WaPJi7SZ",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":za(ins)<for what>"
},
"expansion": "[with za (+ instrumental) ‘for what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"za",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘for",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przeciw(dat)<against whom/what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przeciw (+ dative) ‘against whom/what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przeciw",
"(+",
"dative)",
"‘against",
"whom/what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":o(loc)<about what>"
},
"expansion": "[with o (+ locative) ‘about what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"o",
"(+",
"locative)",
"‘about",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"evince",
"evince"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to evince (to be evidence for or against something) [with za (+ instrumental) ‘for what’] [with przeciw (+ dative) ‘against whom/what’] [with o (+ locative) ‘about what’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "pl:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to testify (to give evidence in court as a witness) [with o (+ locative) ‘about what’] [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘in front of/before whom’] [with za (+ instrumental) ‘for what’]"
],
"id": "en-świadczyć-pl-verb-lnrHHyfU",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":o(loc)<about what>"
},
"expansion": "[with o (+ locative) ‘about what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"o",
"(+",
"locative)",
"‘about",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<in front of/before whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘in front of/before whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘in",
"front",
"of/before",
"whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":za(ins)<for what>"
},
"expansion": "[with za (+ instrumental) ‘for what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"za",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘for",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przeciw(dat)<against whom/what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przeciw (+ dative) ‘against whom/what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przeciw",
"(+",
"dative)",
"‘against",
"whom/what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"testify",
"testify"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, literary, law) to testify (to give evidence in court as a witness) [with o (+ locative) ‘about what’] [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘in front of/before whom’] [with za (+ instrumental) ‘for what’] [with przeciw (+ dative) ‘against whom/what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zeznawać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"literary",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to provide, to render (to do something for someone's benefit)"
],
"id": "en-świadczyć-pl-verb-2~nhxeQX",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "dat<for whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with dative ‘for whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"dative",
"‘for",
"whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"render",
"render"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, literary) to provide, to render (to do something for someone's benefit) [with dative ‘for whom’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"literary",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to provide, to render (to perform some services for a fee)"
],
"id": "en-świadczyć-pl-verb-xD4YGMDi",
"links": [
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"render",
"render"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, formal) to provide, to render (to perform some services for a fee)"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to incur expenses for particular purposes"
],
"id": "en-świadczyć-pl-verb-PTR3Y39l",
"links": [
[
"incur",
"incur"
],
[
"expense",
"expense"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, literary) to incur expenses for particular purposes"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"literary",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to help (to have the intended healing effect)"
],
"id": "en-świadczyć-pl-verb-XH116cpt",
"links": [
[
"help",
"help"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete, of medicine) to help (to have the intended healing effect)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of medicine"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 11 11 7 6 2 2 4 4 1 2 8 10 2 2 1 1 16 1 2 2 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 12 12 6 5 1 1 4 4 1 1 9 11 1 1 1 1 18 1 1 1 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 17 21 5 5 2 1 33 3 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 13 16 4 4 5 4 25 6 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -yć",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alternative form: świarczyć"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to know someone"
],
"id": "en-świadczyć-pl-verb-6pHXPxWi",
"links": [
[
"know",
"know"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete or dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń) to know someone"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "znać"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to bode, to betoken, to portend, to augur, to presage"
],
"id": "en-świadczyć-pl-verb-Sn4RW5UG",
"links": [
[
"bode",
"bode"
],
[
"betoken",
"betoken"
],
[
"portend",
"portend"
],
[
"augur",
"augur"
],
[
"presage",
"presage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, impersonal, obsolete) to bode, to betoken, to portend, to augur, to presage"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wróżyć"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"impersonal",
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to cite, to invoke"
],
"id": "en-świadczyć-pl-verb-FNNem~58",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":na(acc)<something>"
},
"expansion": "[with na (+ accusative) ‘something’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"na",
"(+",
"accusative)",
"‘something’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"cite",
"cite"
],
[
"invoke",
"invoke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, archaic) to cite, to invoke [with na (+ accusative) ‘something’]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powoływać się"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kuyavian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alternative form: świarczyć się"
},
{
"english": "They are buddy-buddy with each other.",
"text": "Oni świadczą się z sobą.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to associate, to commune, to consort; to know"
],
"id": "en-świadczyć-pl-verb-Tr4ymRAM",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"associate",
"associate"
],
[
"commune",
"commune"
],
[
"consort",
"consort"
],
[
"know",
"know"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete or Kuyavia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, obsolete or Kuyavia) to associate, to commune, to consort; to know"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɕfjatt͡ʂɘt͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɕfjatt͡ʂɨt͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɕfjɒtt͡ʂɨt͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɕfjatt͡ʂɘt͡ɕ/",
"note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɕfjatt͡ʂɘt͡ɕ/",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"rhymes": "-att͡ʂɘt͡ɕ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "świadczyć"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms suffixed with -yć",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/att͡ʂɘt͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/att͡ʂɘt͡ɕ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "świadczenie"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "doświadczyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "doświadczać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "oświadczyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "oświadczać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poświadczyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "poświadczać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przeświadczyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przeświadczać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przyświadczyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przyświadczać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uświadczyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uświadczać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wyświadczyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wyświadczać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaświadczyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zaświadczać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "świadczyć",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish świadczyć",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "świadczyć"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish świadczyć",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "świadek",
"3": "-yć"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, świadek + -yć",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "swiadczëc"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian swiadczëc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "swjadczic"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian swjadczic",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish świadczyć. By surface analysis, świadek + -yć. Compare Kashubian swiadczëc and Slovincian swjadczic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ai-yć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczymy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczysz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczycie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczy się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczono",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą świadczyć",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie świadczyć się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczylibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczylibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by świadczył",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by świadczyła",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by świadczyło",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by świadczyli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczyłyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by świadczyły",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczono by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech świadczę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "świadcz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech świadczy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech świadczą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadcząca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczony",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczeni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "świadcząc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "świadczenie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "świadczyć impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"świad‧czyć"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "świadcz",
"2": "pp"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai-yć"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "świadczyć",
"2": "świadczę",
"3": "świadczy",
"4": "świadczą",
"5": "świadczy",
"6": "świadczy",
"7": "świadczy",
"8": "świadcz",
"ip": "świadczono",
"pp": "świadczon",
"pp2": "świadczeni",
"vn": "świadczenie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "oświadczenie"
},
{
"word": "oświadczyny"
},
{
"word": "świadectwo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "... does the lack of a surgical mask show the students' demoralization?",
"ref": "2021 February 14, Katarzyna Wójcik, “Koronawirus: czy brak maseczki świadczy o demoralizacji uczniów?”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-05-20:",
"text": "... czy brak maseczki świadczy o demoralizacji uczniów?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Russians have been trying to cross this river since the 3rd of April, which proves the fact that it is well-defended and hard to overwhelm.",
"ref": "2022 May 16, “Gen. Skrzypczak: Rosyjska 1. Armia Pancerna nie jest w stanie walczyć”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-05-20:",
"text": "Rosjanie starają się przeprawić przez tę rzekę od 3 kwietnia, co świadczy o tym, że jest ona dobrze broniona i trudna do pokonania.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "\"The belief that the newest wave of sanctions will make Russia start to beg for mercy proves that the West has no idea how to act towards Russia,\" said Sergei Lavrov, the chief of Russia's diplomacy, in an interview for the Saudi station Al Arabiya.",
"ref": "2022 April 29, “Ławrow: Zachód musi zdyscyplinować polskich i ukraińskich kolegów”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-05-20:",
"text": "Wiara, że najnowsza fala sankcji sprawi, że Rosja zacznie błagać o łaskę, świadczy, że Zachód nie ma pojęcia, jak postępować z Rosją - powiedział w wywiadzie dla saudyjskiej stacji Al Arabiya Siergiej Ławrow, szef rosyjskiej dyplomacji.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Now only stones bear witness to the glory of the first lords,\nAnd Rome is still there, where you don't have Romans any more.",
"ref": "1774, “Oda Do Czasu”, in M. Gröl, editor, Zabawy przyjemne i pożyteczne z różnych Autorów zebrane, volume X, number II, page 242:",
"text": "Już tylko głazy świadczą sławę pierwszych panów,\nI Rzym jest jeszcze tam, gdzie już nie masz Rzymianów.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to witness; to be indicative, to be a sign of, to indicate, to prove, to evince, to testify, to betoken, to bear witness to, to speak to (to prove with one's existence)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":o(loc)<of what>"
},
"expansion": "[with o (+ locative) ‘of what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"o",
"(+",
"locative)",
"‘of",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"witness",
"witness"
],
[
"indicative",
"indicative"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate"
],
[
"prove",
"prove"
],
[
"evince",
"evince"
],
[
"testify",
"testify"
],
[
"betoken",
"betoken"
],
[
"bear witness",
"bear witness"
],
[
"speak",
"speak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to witness; to be indicative, to be a sign of, to indicate, to prove, to evince, to testify, to betoken, to bear witness to, to speak to (to prove with one's existence) [with o (+ locative) ‘of what’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to be indicative, to indicate, to prove, to evince, to testify, to betoken, to bear witness to, to speak to (to cause someone to judge one a particular way)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":o(loc)<of whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with o (+ locative) ‘of whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"o",
"(+",
"locative)",
"‘of",
"whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"indicative",
"indicative"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate"
],
[
"prove",
"prove"
],
[
"evince",
"evince"
],
[
"testify",
"testify"
],
[
"betoken",
"betoken"
],
[
"bear witness",
"bear witness"
],
[
"speak",
"speak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to be indicative, to indicate, to prove, to evince, to testify, to betoken, to bear witness to, to speak to (to cause someone to judge one a particular way) [with o (+ locative) ‘of whom’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to evince (to be evidence for or against something) [with za (+ instrumental) ‘for what’] [with przeciw (+ dative) ‘against whom/what’]"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":za(ins)<for what>"
},
"expansion": "[with za (+ instrumental) ‘for what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"za",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘for",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przeciw(dat)<against whom/what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przeciw (+ dative) ‘against whom/what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przeciw",
"(+",
"dative)",
"‘against",
"whom/what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":o(loc)<about what>"
},
"expansion": "[with o (+ locative) ‘about what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"o",
"(+",
"locative)",
"‘about",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"evince",
"evince"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to evince (to be evidence for or against something) [with za (+ instrumental) ‘for what’] [with przeciw (+ dative) ‘against whom/what’] [with o (+ locative) ‘about what’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish literary terms",
"Polish transitive verbs",
"pl:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"to testify (to give evidence in court as a witness) [with o (+ locative) ‘about what’] [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘in front of/before whom’] [with za (+ instrumental) ‘for what’]"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":o(loc)<about what>"
},
"expansion": "[with o (+ locative) ‘about what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"o",
"(+",
"locative)",
"‘about",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<in front of/before whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘in front of/before whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘in",
"front",
"of/before",
"whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":za(ins)<for what>"
},
"expansion": "[with za (+ instrumental) ‘for what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"za",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘for",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przeciw(dat)<against whom/what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przeciw (+ dative) ‘against whom/what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przeciw",
"(+",
"dative)",
"‘against",
"whom/what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"testify",
"testify"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, literary, law) to testify (to give evidence in court as a witness) [with o (+ locative) ‘about what’] [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘in front of/before whom’] [with za (+ instrumental) ‘for what’] [with przeciw (+ dative) ‘against whom/what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zeznawać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"literary",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish literary terms",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to provide, to render (to do something for someone's benefit)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "dat<for whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with dative ‘for whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"dative",
"‘for",
"whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"render",
"render"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, literary) to provide, to render (to do something for someone's benefit) [with dative ‘for whom’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"literary",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish formal terms",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to provide, to render (to perform some services for a fee)"
],
"links": [
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"render",
"render"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, formal) to provide, to render (to perform some services for a fee)"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish literary terms",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to incur expenses for particular purposes"
],
"links": [
[
"incur",
"incur"
],
[
"expense",
"expense"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, literary) to incur expenses for particular purposes"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"literary",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to help (to have the intended healing effect)"
],
"links": [
[
"help",
"help"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete, of medicine) to help (to have the intended healing effect)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of medicine"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chełmno-Dobrzyń Polish",
"Polish dialectal terms",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alternative form: świarczyć"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to know someone"
],
"links": [
[
"know",
"know"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete or dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń) to know someone"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "znać"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish impersonal verbs",
"Polish intransitive verbs",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"to bode, to betoken, to portend, to augur, to presage"
],
"links": [
[
"bode",
"bode"
],
[
"betoken",
"betoken"
],
[
"portend",
"portend"
],
[
"augur",
"augur"
],
[
"presage",
"presage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, impersonal, obsolete) to bode, to betoken, to portend, to augur, to presage"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wróżyć"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"impersonal",
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs",
"Polish terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"to cite, to invoke"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":na(acc)<something>"
},
"expansion": "[with na (+ accusative) ‘something’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"na",
"(+",
"accusative)",
"‘something’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"cite",
"cite"
],
[
"invoke",
"invoke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, archaic) to cite, to invoke [with na (+ accusative) ‘something’]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powoływać się"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Kuyavian Polish",
"Polish reflexive verbs",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alternative form: świarczyć się"
},
{
"english": "They are buddy-buddy with each other.",
"text": "Oni świadczą się z sobą.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to associate, to commune, to consort; to know"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"associate",
"associate"
],
[
"commune",
"commune"
],
[
"consort",
"consort"
],
[
"know",
"know"
]
],
"qualifier": "obsolete or Kuyavia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, obsolete or Kuyavia) to associate, to commune, to consort; to know"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɕfjatt͡ʂɘt͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɕfjatt͡ʂɨt͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɕfjɒtt͡ʂɨt͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɕfjatt͡ʂɘt͡ɕ/",
"note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɕfjatt͡ʂɘt͡ɕ/",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"rhymes": "-att͡ʂɘt͡ɕ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "świadczyć"
}
Download raw JSONL data for świadczyć meaning in Polish (25.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, obsolete or dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń",
"path": [
"świadczyć"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "świadczyć",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, obsolete or dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń",
"path": [
"świadczyć"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "świadczyć",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.